25-1693 Adopting Seminole County Local Mitigation & Resiliency Strategy RESOLUTION NO. 25-1693
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF LONGWOOD, FLORIDA ADOPTING THE
2025—2030 SEMINOLE COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY PLAN.
Whereas, The City of Longwood is charged with the duty of protecting the health, safety, and
welfare of its citizens; and
Whereas, areas of the City of Longwood are vulnerable to a wide range of natural, man-made
and technological threats with potential human and economic costs; and
Whereas, the City of Longwood City Commission realizes the importance of reducing or
eliminating those vulnerabilities for the overall good and welfare of the community, and
Whereas, the City of Longwood has been an active participant in the Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group, which has established a comprehensive, coordinated planning process involving the
county and its municipalities, as well as other public and private sector organizations, to eliminate or
decrease these vulnerabilities, and
Whereas, on April 6, 2000, the initial Local Mitigation Strategy, which identified and prioritized
hazardous and susceptible structures and developed program that reduced the vulnerability to disasters,
was adopted by the City Commission; and
Whereas, since that time, the Federal Government has implemented new and updated Code of
Federal Regulation (CFR) standards which further enhance the minimum standards previously required;
and
Whereas, City of Longwood representatives and staff have reviewed the information provided by
or for other participating jurisdictions and organizations, including the projects and programs they have
proposed for incorporation into the Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy update for 2025; and
Whereas, these proposed projects and programs have been incorporated into the current
edition of the Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy that has been prepared and issued for
consideration and implementation by the County and municipalities of Seminole County; and
Whereas, adoption of this document by the City of Longwood will provide for continued grant
funding for local mitigation initiatives, as approved through the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA); and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF LONGWOOD, FLORIDA
AS FOLLOWS:
1. The City of Longwood hereby accepts and formally adopts the 2025-2030 Seminole County
Local Mitigation Strategy, a copy which his hereby attached.
2. The City of Longwood accepts and endorses the mitigation goals and objectives established
by the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group for the countywide plan.
Resolution No.25-1693
Page 1 of 3
3. The City of Longwood finds that the proposed mitigation projects and programs included in
the strategy by other jurisdictions and organizations are acceptable and will not adversely affect the
county or its neighborhoods.
4. Staff of the City of Longwood are requested and instructed to pursue available funding
opportunities for implementation of the proposals designated therein.
5. The agencies and organizations within the City of Longwood will, upon receipt of such
funding or other necessary resources, seek to implement the proposals contained in the County's
individual section of the strategy.
6. The City of Longwood will continue to participate in the updating and expansion of the
Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy in the years ahead.
7. The City of Longwood will further seek to encourage the businesses, industries and
community groups to also participate in the updating and expansion of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation Strategy in the years ahead.
8. Conflicts. If any Resolutions or Ordinances or parts thereof are in conflict herewith, this
Resolution shall control to the extent of the conflict.
9. Severability. If any portion of this Resolution is determined to void, unconstitutional, or
invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Resolution shall remain in full force
and effect.
10. Effective Date. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon passage and
adoption.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this 21st day of July 2025.
CITY COMMISSION
CITY OF LONGWOOD, FLORIDA
i 1
♦ tglir,',
BRIAN D. SACKETT AY')R
ATTEST:
ICHELL , IT CLERK
Resolution No.25-1693
Page 2 of 3
Approved as to form and legality for the use and reliance of the City of Longwood, Florida only:
DANIEL W. LAN , CI ATTORNEY
Resolution No.25-1693
Page 3 of 3
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
1
Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy
for
Seminole County
and its
Municipalities
2025-2030
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
2
Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 3
General.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Planning Process............................................................................................................................................. 4
Participating Organizations .......................................................................................................................... 5
Public Participation ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Update Process ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................................................10
Hazards.........................................................................................................................................................10
Relative Risk ..............................................................................................................................................11
Relative Risk Calculation/Scale ....................................................................................................................12
Hazard Analysis .............................................................................................................................................13
Vulnerability ................................................................................................................................................... 103
Assessing Vulnerabilities .................................................................................................................................. 103
Repetitive Loss Properties ............................................................................................................................ 103
Land Use Trends and Potential Loss .............................................................................................................. 105
Critical Facilities and Infrastructure............................................................................................................... 106
Mitigation Goals .............................................................................................................................................. 106
Mitigation Actions ....................................................................................................................................... 107
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resilien cy Strategy Goals and Objectives ................................................. 108
Addressing Known Risks and Vulnerabilities .................................................................................................. 110
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Compliance ....................................................................................... 110
Community Rating System ............................................................................................................................... 111
ISO Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS): ............................................................................... 112
ISO Public Protection Classification (PPC): ......................................................................................................... 113
Implementation .............................................................................................................................................. 113
Prioritization of Actions................................................................................................................................ 113
Mitigation Project Priority List .......................................................................................................................... 115
Responsibility for Mitigation Actions............................................................................................................. 115
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
3
Cost-Benefit Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 115
Actions Completed ...................................................................................................................................... 115
Strategy Maintenance ..................................................................................................................................... 116
LMRS Monitoring and Evaluation.................................................................................................................. 116
LMRS Updates ............................................................................................................................................. 116
Implementation through Existing Plans and Programs ................................................................................... 117
Authorities and References .............................................................................................................................. 119
Figures: ....................................................................................................................................................... 119
Tables: ........................................................................................................................................................ 121
Appendix A: Jurisdictional Profiles ................................................................................................................ 122
Appendix B: Project Priority List .................................................................................................................... 151
Appendix C: Goals & Objectives Tracking Sheet ............................................................................................. 156
Executive Summary
Seminole County is threatened by a variety of natural, technological, and human-caused hazards. These hazards may
endanger the health and safety of the community, jeopardize its economic vitality, and threaten the quality of its
environment. The public and private sectors of Seminole County have joined to create the Seminole County Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (locally called the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group ) to undertake a
comprehensive planning process. This process analyzes all the hazards that affect Seminole County while deve loping
effective mitigation measures to reduce the overall impact to the community.
This document encompasses a multi-jurisdictional approach to hazard mitigation planning. The planning process was
conducted through the coordinated and cooperative effort of several local governments including City of Altamonte
Springs, City of Casselberry, City of Lake Mary, City of Longwood, City of Oviedo, City of Sanford, City of Winter
Springs, and Seminole County. Seminole County’s seven municipalities have formally adopted the current Seminole
County Local Mitigation Strategy.
The Resiliency Working Group has also conducted a significant amount of research to identify the hazards threatening
Seminole County in order to estimate relative risk posed to the County by th ose hazards. For each hazard, an impact
analysis was completed which evaluated impacts to the public, property, environment, and program operations. A
consequence analysis was completed that examined the potential consequences in relationship to the economy,
responder safety, continuity of operations, property/facilities/infrastructure, and public confidence in the
jurisdictions’ governance 1 . The information in this document has been used by the Resiliency Working Group to
1 2016 EMAP Standard 4.1.1/4.1.2
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
4
prioritize its planning efforts t o assess the vulnerabilities of the facilities and neighborhoods of Seminole County to
the impacts of future disasters.
Proposed projects and programs aimed at reducing the impacts of future disasters are called “mitigation initiatives”
in this document. Mitigation initiatives have been developed and will continue to be developed by the Resiliency
Working Group as new hazard research is conducted, risk levels are increased, and as resources and opportunities
become available. Implementation of this strategy is essential and will continue to help make participating
communities more resistant to the effects of major disasters.
This strategy will continue to be updated and expanded in the future to encompass changes in characteristics of
hazards, experiences with disasters, and changing conditions of participating jurisdictions. The update pr ocess and
future editions of this mitigation plan will be used to continue to inform and involve the public and other interested
groups to improve the overall resilience of the whole community.
General
Introduction
Mitigation is any action taken to permanently reduce or eliminate the risk to people and their property from
the effects of hazards. The key to successful hazard vulnerability reduction through mitigation is to
implement a well-conceived planning process. The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group , formerly
known as the LMS Working Group, was established to encourage the public, private, and non-profit sectors
of the community to become more resistant to the impacts of future disasters. The Resiliency Working Group
has been tasked with a comprehensive evaluation of the vulner abilities of Seminole County for all-hazards in
order to identify ways to make the community mor e resilient to the impacts of disasters.
Purpose
The primary purpose of the LMRS is to establish an on -going process that encourages hazard mitigation as
part of a daily routine for Seminole County. The LMRS process encouraged Seminole County to assess its
vulnerabilities to all types of hazards; identify a comprehensive list of goals, objectives, plans, programs and
projects in order to decrease or eliminate th e effects of the identified vulnerabilities ; and then prioritize the
implementation of the selected initiatives.
Planning Process
The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group (Resiliency Working Group) is comprised of all local
government agencies within Seminole County, business leaders, community organizations, inter -faith
groups, healthcare facilities, school board personnel and citizens.
On a periodic basis, the Resiliency Working Group solicits the continuing involvement in mitigation planning
by each jurisdiction in Seminole County. Jurisdictions are encouraged to identify agencies and organizations
that should represent the jurisdiction on the Resiliency Working Group. Written solicitation was issued by
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
5
Seminole County’s Office of Emergency Managem ent to local jurisdictions, adjacent counties, community
organizations, and citizens to attend a LMRS Planning Team Kick-Off Meeting on March 19th, 2024.
Subsequent meetings were held on April 10th, May 15th, June 18th, July 30th, and August 29th, 2024, .
Organizations not directly associated with the state, regional or local governments, such as large businesses
and volunteer agencies and the public are solicited on an annual basis to join the planning process, as well
as through periodic public information efforts through the Resiliency Working Group and its members.
Organizations that respond and attend the meetings are considered to be participants in the Seminole
County LMRS Planning Process and requested to engage in the meetings and planning activiti es necessary to
develop, maintain and implement the plan.
An important part of the planning process is the review and research of historical events, studies, reports,
technical information, current conditions, and current plans. These resources help to build the background
for the risk assessment of each hazard and assist the planning team with updating the mitigation plan.
Resources used in the planning process for this plan include:
FEMA – National Flood Insurance Program and Community Rating System
Florida Division of Emergency Management
National Weather Service
Seminole County Board of County Commissioners
Seminole County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Seminole County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2021
Seminole County Comprehensive Plan
Seminole County Extension Services
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan
Seminole County Emergency Communications
Seminole County Water Quality Report
Participating Organizations
Participating local government agencies are registered as organizations under the appropriate jurisdiction,
as are other groups, associations, districts, regions, and agencies, both public and private, which serve the
jurisdiction they are headquartered in.
Seminole County’s multi-jurisdictional planning approach enables all interested organizations, groups, and
agencies, regardless of their total number, to be directly and actively involved in the planning within a limited
number of jurisdictions. Seminole County has involved seven jurisdictions defined as active participants in
the planning process. The active planning participants include City of Altamonte Springs, City of Casselberry,
City of Lake Mary, City of Longwood, City of Oviedo, City of Sanford, City of Winter Springs, and Seminole
County.
This is an all-inclusive list for all the entities within Seminole County required to approve the LMRS as a multi-
jurisdictional plan. Participation will be identified by attendance and active participation in the process.
However, many additional partners, agencies, and neighboring jurisdictions were invited via email to each
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
6
meeting. Participating municipalities are the same jurisdictio ns which participated in the 2020 plan update
and have been consistently active in the process since that time.
This LMRS Planning Team has had participation by all the entities listed below to the extent that they have
attended the meetings, participated, and contributed to the update process of ga thering data, or providing
insight and information all in the effort to better mitigate Seminole County.
Name Agency Position
Michelle Bernstein Citizen Citizen
Lucius Cushman Citizen Citizen
Ricardo Soto-Lopez Citizen Citizen
April Davis City of Altamonte Springs Water Resources Engineer
Anthony Apfelbeck City of Altamonte Springs Director of Building & Fire Safety
Avi Bryan City of Altamonte Springs Emergency Management Administrator
Jane Dai City of Casselberry City Engineer
Danielle Koury City of Lake Mary Public Works Director
David Hamstra City of Longwood/ Winter Springs Pegasus Engineering
Matt Hockenberry City of Longwood Stormwater Supervisor
Eric Nagowski City of Longwood Public Works Engineer
Michael Peters City of Longwood Fire Chief
Shad Smith City of Longwood Public Works Director
Amanda Kortus City of Oviedo Public Works Floodplain Manager
Paul Yeargain City of Oviedo Assistant City Engineer
Prince Bates City of Sanford City Engineer
Michael Cash City of Sanford Planning Engineer/ Floodplain Manager
Ronnie McNeil Jr. City of Sanford
Phil Hursh City of Winter Springs City Manager
Kevin Monser City of Winter Springs Stormwater Manager
William Opperman City of Winter Springs Fleet Manager
Terrilyn Rolle City of Winter Springs Director of Community Development
Margarita Calo Duke Energy Maintenance and Strategy Manager
Patty D’Alesandro Duke Energy Government & Community Affairs
Manager
Elizabeth Caison Florida Division of Emergency
Management
Regional Recovery Coordinator
Cliff Frazier Florida Forest Service Wildfire Mitigation Specialist
Theresa Adlam Florida Office of the Attorney
General
Operations & Management Consultant
Wayne Thomas Seminole County Building
Department
Plans Examiner
Jim Potter Seminole County Development
Review
Professional Engineer
Emaze Blue Seminole County Emergency
Management
Emergency Management Associate
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
7
Benjamin Duenas Seminole County Emergency
Management
Recovery Coordinator
Aaron Funk Seminole County Emergency
Management
Operations Manager
Ricardo Gonzalez Seminole County Emergency
Management
Program Coordinator
Alan Harris Seminole County Emergency
Management
Director of Emergency Management
Steven Lerner Seminole County Emergency
Management
Division Manager
John Lockwood III Seminole County Emergency
Management
Mitigation Coordinator
Kathryn Valentine Seminole County Emergency
Management
Mitigation and Resiliency Manager
Davison Heriot Seminole County Office of
Management and Budget
Financial Manager
Matt Hassan Seminole County Public Works Deputy Public Works Director
Marie Lackey Seminole County Public Works Program Manager for Special Projects
Owen Reagan Seminole County Public Works Roads & Stormwater Division Manager
John Slot Seminole County Strategic
Initiatives
Chief Technology Officer
Bill White Seminole County Utilities
Department
Utilities Engineering Division Manager
Richard LeBlanc Seminole County Public Schools Director of Project Management &
Facilities Planning
Gabriel Shuler Seminole County Public Schools Chief Fire Official
Susan Davis St. Johns River Water
Management District
Governmental Affairs Manager
Public Participation
At the start of the planning process, the Seminole County Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
requested citizen members to join the LMRS Planning Team using multiple avenues. The OEM requested
citizen representatives from the Resiliency Working Group and its member organizations, and posted
meeting dates of the LMRS Planning Team to the PrepareSeminole webpage.
The OEM also engaged community leaders from low -income and underserved communities to request input
on the risks and hazards over the 5-year planning period. A survey was created and distributed to these
partners as a way to report local experiences of hazard events in the low -income and underserved areas of
Seminole County. Results of this survey were compared to the historical occurrences in the h azard profiles
and included where a gap was identified.
Several public information activities will be undertaken to allow for public comment on the draft plan. Every
LMRS Planning Team meeting was posted on the Prepare Seminole dedicated Mitigation webpag e . The
Resiliency Working Group held a public meeting to solicit input from citizens in person on October 30, 2024;
and advertisements for this meeting were shared through social media, the Prepare Seminole website, and
a local newspaper advertisement. For the update of this document, a link was added to
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
8
www.prepareseminole.com to continue to allow the public to submit written input and comment for the
LMRS update. Comments from the public can be made through the Office of Emergency Management or
directly via email to the Resiliency Working Group Secretary.
The final opportunity for public comment will take place at the Board of County Commissioners meeting
when the plan is presented for formal adoption.
Once the plan is adopted the approved plan will continue to be made available via the websi te for future
review and comment. Public comment on the plan will continue to be encouraged on
www.prepareseminole.com. In addition to seeking public comment and input to the overall planning process
and the draft plan, many of the participating agencies and organizations in the Resiliency Working Group
individually conduct efforts to inform the public about the impacts of disasters, hazard mitigation and the
mitigation plannin g process.
Upcoming community outreach efforts will focus on including the concepts of mitigation in current public
information activities, and to make the public aware of this planning process, its goals and objectives, and
opportunities for public input at every possible occasion.
The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group will continue efforts to develop and implement a year -round
program to engage the community in the LMRS planning process and to provide them with mitigation-related
information and e ducation. These efforts will be to continually invite public comments and
recommendations regarding the mitigation goals for the community, the priorities for the planning, and the
unique needs of each community for mitigation -related public information.
Update Process
The current Resiliency Working Group participants and attendees came together to update the plan to meet
the federal and state LMS Plan requirements. Using the 2020 plan as a foundation, a review of every section
of the Seminole County LMS w as conducted and the plan was revised using the 2023 Florida Local Mitigation
Strategy Crosswalk and the 2023 Florida Division of Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy
Update Manual.
During the 2025-2030 Seminole County LMRS update the following actions were taken by the Resiliency
Working Group:
A LMRS revision kick-off meeting with the LMRS Planning Team was conducted to confirm the list of hazards
as a starting point for the update of the plan .
The following sections were reviewed and updated:
General Section:
This section includes the plan introduction, purpose, and planning process. This section was revised
to reflect the current approach and processes of the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group .
Risk Assessment Section:
This section includes the hazard analysis and assessing the vulnerabilities of Seminole County. This
section was updated to reflect current documented history and outlook of the hazards that could
impact Seminole County. Each section was revised to reflect updated hazard events and to reflect
current vulnerabilities. The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group determined the need for
updates to the hazards list, and came to a consensus on a new list of hazards.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Mitigation Goals Section
This section inclu des the mitigation goals, specific objectives under each goal, National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP) compliance data, and the process for mitigation project implementation.
Each section was revised to reflect current updated goals for t he LMRS, updated NFIP data, and the
revised process for the implementation and prioritization of the mitigation projects.
Plan Maintenance Section
This section includes the monitoring and evaluation process for the LMRS, the update process for
the LMRS, and how the LMRS is implemented through existing plans and procedures. This section
was revised to reflect the current processes for the monitoring, evaluation, and update for the LMRS.
The implementation of existing plans and processes for LMRS were reviewed and revised to reflect
the current implementation process.
The draft revisions of the LMRS sections that required updates were disseminated to all Resiliency Working
Group members for review and comment.
The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group will continue to send out annual written invitations to
everyone who may have a stake in the process and will include any additional people or groups as needed
and identified, as required by Florida Administrative Rule 27P -22.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Risk Assessment
Hazards
The technical planning process begins with hazard identification. In this process, the LMRS Planning Team
and representatives of individual jurisdictions identify all the natural, technological and human -caused
hazards that could threaten Seminole County. The following hazards were selected by the LMRS Planning
Team for the 2025 - 2030 LMRS:
• Agriculture (Exotic Pests and Disease)
• Civil Disorder
• Critical Infrastructure Disruption
o Communication
o Power
o Water/ Wastewater
• Cyber Security/Cyber Attack
• Disease and Pandemic Outbreak
• Domestic Security/ Terrorism (CBRNE)
• Drought and Water Shortage
• Earthquakes
• Extreme Heat
• Financial Collapse
• Flooding
• Harmful Algal Bloom
• Hazardous Materials / Radiological (Fixed Site and Transportation)
• Mass Gatherings/ Planned Events
• Mass Migration/ Repatriation
• Severe Weather
o Hail
o Lightning
o Micro-bursts
o Thunderstorms
• Sinkholes/Land Subsidence
• Structural Integrity/ Collapse
o Fires
o Aging Infrastructure
• Tornadoes
• Transportation Disruption
o Aircraft
o Rail
o Mass Casualty Incident
• Tropical Cyclones
o Hurricanes
o Tropical Storms
• Violent Acts (Non- Terrorism)
• Wildfires
• Winter Storms / Freezes
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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As hazards are identified for Seminole County, participants can make an estimate of the relative risk each
possesses to the community. This section details the natural and human -caused hazards to which Seminole
County is vulnerable.
The Seminole County LMRS Planning Team has incorporated hazard history that was available. In the
future, the LMRS Planning Team will incorporate continued hazard history for inclusion in the LMRS.
Relative Risk
Each hazard described in this section is ranked by level of relative risk based on probability and severity.
These scales are defined below:
Probability Scale - based on historical data this scale takes in to effect the likelihood that Seminole
County will be impacted by the hazard within a given period of time
• 0 = None - Although the hazard is noted, no previous occurrence has been recorded and the
hazard is considered no threat to the jurisdiction
• 1 = Low - Some potential for the hazard to exist once every 10 years or more
• 2 = Moderate - Potential for the hazard to exist once every 5-10 years
• 3 = High - Potential for the hazard to exist once every 1-5 years
Severity Scale - based on the magnitude of the hazard and the on -going mitigation measures
Vulnerability
Human Impact (Possibility of death or injury)
• 0 = None - No possibility of death or injury
• 1 = Low - Some potential for death or injury
• 2 = Moderate - Potential for death or injury
• 3 = High - Strong potential for death or injury
Property Impact (Physical losses and damages)
• 0 = None - No possibility of physical loss and/or damage
• 1 = Low - Some potential for physical loss and/or damage
• 2 = Moderate - Potential for physical loss and/or damage
• 3 = High - Strong potential for physical loss and/or damage
Spatial Impact (Amount of geographic area affected)
• 1 = Low - Up to 25% of total land mass affected
• 2 = Moderate - 25%-50% of total land mass affected
• 3 = High - 50% or more of total land mass affected
Economic Impact (Interruption of business services)
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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• 0 = None - No interruption of business services
• 1 = Low - Some potential for business service interruption
• 2 = Moderate - Potential for business service interruption
• 3 = High - Strong potential for business service interruption
Mitigation
Preparedness (Specialized Plans)
• 1 = High - Specific plan dedicated to this hazard
• 2 = Moderate - Hazard is addressed in other plans
• 3 = Low - No specific plan for hazard
Training and Exercising (Integrated Preparedness Planning)
• 1 = High - Yearly training and exercising
• 2 = Moderate - Training and exercising completed every other year
• 3 = Low - Rarely trained or exercised
Logistics (Availability of specialized equipment, teams or support)
• 1 = High - Highly specialized equipment, teams or support
• 2 = Moderate - Minimal specialized equipment, teams or support
• 3 = Low - Very few teams, equipment and support available
Relative Risk Calculation /Scale
( 𝐏𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐫𝐲
𝐓𝐧𝐫𝐚𝐤 𝐏𝐧𝐫𝐝𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐤 𝐏𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐫𝐲 (𝟎))× ((𝐕𝐫𝐤𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐫𝐲 + 𝐌𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐧)
𝐓𝐧𝐫𝐚𝐤 𝐏𝐧𝐫𝐝𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐤 𝐕𝐫𝐤𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐧 (𝟎𝟎))× 𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝐑𝐢𝐫𝐤
Low = 0%-30% Medium = 31%-60% High = 61%+
The following Hazard Analysis profiles were developed through gauging extent, location of hazard presence,
significant occurrences, environmental impact, program operations, impact to responders, Continuity of
Operations Plan impact, infrastructure impact, pub lic confidence in the response effort of hazard impact, potential
and currently utilized mitigation efforts, relevant plans related to the hazard, and lastly, the risk -rating.
The risk-rating formula for Seminole County evaluates hazard risk based on the probability of occurrence, regional
vulnerabilities, and current mitigation efforts. The probability score (1 -3) is divided by the maximum potential
probability (3). Vulnerability and mitigation are assessed through combined scores of various impacts and
mitigation measures, with vulnerability being measured from 0-3 and mitigation being measured from 1-3. The
results from the probability portion will then be multiplied by the results from the vulnerability and mitigation
portion of the equation. This will result in a decimal which is then multiplied by 100 to convert it into a tangible
percentage. This percentage indicates the relative threat, or risk, that the identified hazard poses to Seminole
County and the communities it encompasses.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Hazard Analysis
Hazard: Agriculture (Exotic Pests and Diseases)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 48%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Agriculture incidents in Seminole County are quite rare and
historically have not caused much damage to the comm unity. In
coordination with Seminole County’s Agriculture Extension
Office, Emergency Management is made aware of incidents
involving crops and exotic pest outbreaks that may pose a threat
to the community. Diseases that may pose a threat to crops in
Seminole County include Citrus Canker and Citrus Greening.
Potential pests include mosquitos, toads, mice, rats, and other
harmful pests. On-going crop diseases present a threat to the
agriculture community in Seminole County.
Extent Ranges from small, affected area of crops, up to 17,031 acres of
farmland in the County.
Location Much of the agricultural foundation of Seminole County is
located in the northwestern portion of the county including the
Cities of Lake Mary and Sanford and the unincorporated
Seminole County, but the effects of an incident may impact the
entire county.
Significant Occurrences (1982): The City of Longwood - Toad infestation due to heavy
rains
(1995): Citrus Canker detected in Seminole County
(1999): The City of Altamonte Springs experienced mice
infestations
(2007): Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as Citrus Greening,
confirmed in Seminole County. Between 2008-2017, Seminole
County citrus filled 157,000 boxes but declined to 29,000 boxes
in less than one decade.
Spatial extent - while the direct impacts may b e less than 25%,
the indirect effects of an incident could be county -wide
Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability of Seminole County and its jurisdictions to
agricultural diseases and pests is low. Although there is not a
large percentage of farmland in the county, disease can spread
quickly if response is not immediate. The cities of Lake Mary and
Sanford and unincorporated parts of Seminole County are most
vulnerable to agricultural incidents because this is the largest
area of farmland countywide. As the county continues to expand
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
14
in residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructural
development the overall risk for this hazard decreases as a
result.
As more land is developed, the overall risk to agriculture
decreases since there is less ag ricultural land vulnerable to
hazards such as weather events , pests, and disease outbreaks.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
Increased possibility of death or injury to agriculture diseases
and risk to contaminated food crops .
Property Low impact
Hazard has low impact to critical infrastructure and property
resulting in physical losses .
Historically this hazard has more of an impact on crops .
Exotic pests can become a nuisance to property owners in all
jurisdictions in Seminole County .
Economic Low Impact
The community may experience a low economic loss, primarily
for the farming and agriculture industry, as a result of a pest or
disease outbreak.
Environment Hazard can have broader negative impacts to local ecosystems
such as habitat loss and biodiversity degradation, specifically in
the unincorporated areas of Geneva and Chuluota.
The 2023 U.S. Global Change Research Program’s Fifth National
Climate Assessment found that increasing temperatures, along
with changes in precipitation, reduce productivity, yield, and
nutritional content of many crops. These changes can introduce
disease, disrupt pollination, and result in crop failure,
outweighing potential benefits of longer growing seasons and
increased CO2 fertilization.
Program Operations The County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
(CEMP) covers basic response and recovery capabilities for
exotic pests and diseases that are agriculturally based.
Responders Depending on the nature of the pest or disease, responders may
require certain protective equipment and tools .
COOP An agriculture incident would have minimal impacts on COOP
because this hazard would not disrupt normal operations.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Privately owned farmland, in unincorporated Seminole County
and in the cities of Oviedo, Sanford, and Winter Springs; has the
potential to be devastated .
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Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public confidence w ould depend on how satisfied those
impacted are with the local response .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of mitigation projects in the county include :
• Collection and destruction of infected plant species
• Diversification of agricultural landscaping
• Fertilizer reduction / ordinance
• Inspection and sampling species
• Introduction of higher trophic level species
• Invasive plant species reduction
• Larvicide, adulticide, aerial spray
• Prescribed burning
• Public education / outreach
• Sanitation with chemical control
Plans Mosquito Response Plan
Rabies Procedures
Table 1
Category 2022 Value % Change Since 2017
Number of farms 320 -21
Land in farms (acres) 17,031 -51
Average size of farm (acres) 53 -39
Market value of products sold $16,087,000 -25
Government payments $66,000 -52
Farm-related income $4,032,000 +156
Total farm production expenses $20,091,000 -3
Net cash farm income $94,000 -96
Per farm average - Market value $50,271 -5
Per farm average - Government $16,426 +57
Per farm average - Farm-related $50,402 +156
Per farm average - Total expenses $62,785 +22
Per farm average - Net cash income $293 -95
Source
Table 2
Item Amount
Total Crop Land 3,369
Acres
2022 Census of Agriculture
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Total Farmland 17,031
Acres
2022 Census of Agriculture
Citrus 19,000
Boxes
2021-2022 USDA Citrus Summary
Figure A
Figure B
Chart showing change in citrus acres in Seminole County since 2002
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Hazard: Civil Disorder
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 48%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Events of civil disorder are classified as armed violence, riots,
protests, swatting and threats against military or the
government. “Swatting” is a criminal harassment act of
deceiving an emergency service dispatcher into sending a police
or emergency service response team to another person's
address. The proper planning and prevention methods aid in the
mitigation of civil disorder events. For threats of civil disorder
utilizing armed violence, it is likely that a joint jurisdictional
management of operations will take effect, coordinated at the
county level between the Sheriff’s Office, Florida Department of
Law Enforcement (FDLE), and the Office of Emergency
Management.
Location Not specific to any geographic area(s) of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences (2012): February 26 – Shooting of 17-year-old, Trayvon Martin in
Sanford. There were public protests, school walk outs, and
thousands of planned rallies across the nation. The Seminole
County EOC provided support for seven weeks in the trial phase
of the event.
(2021): March 28 – Group of individuals congregated at the
Seminole Wekiva Bridge in protest against the mask mandate
that was issued as a response to the Covid -19 Pandemic.
(2022): March 3 – Student-led walkouts were demonstrated at
two [2] middle schools and nine [9] high schools within the
Seminole County Public School (SCPS) system in support of the
LGBTQ+ community in the face of HB 1557, nicknamed the
“Don’t say Gay” bill.
(2023): September 2 – Multiple differe nt groups of neo-Nazi and
white supremacy groups held two different demonstrations. The
first being held right outside of Walt Disney World and the
second being held at an I4 bridge in Altamonte Springs .
Demonstrators held different flags depicting Nazi, anti-LGBTQ+,
and antisemitic content.
While spatial extent of the hazard would be 25% or less, civil
disorder could have county -wide effects.
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Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of civil disorder in Seminole County is
moderate . While moderate human impact is possible, civil
disorder can spread quickly and disrupt the public’s confidence
in the jurisdictions’ governance. All jurisdictions of Seminole
County are vulnerable to civil disorder and its effects.
Land use development does not have a direct effect on the risk
of civil disorder, as social, political, and economic factors are the
primary drivers of unrest. Urban growth or infrastructure
expansion does not inherently increase or decrease the
likelihood of civil disorder events.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
The hazard is human in nature; tension between the public, law
enforcement, judicial system, and media would be heightened .
Disorder can also lead to violent acts potentially impacting the
local population.
Property Moderate Impact
There would be little impact in general, but protests and riots
have the potential to cause localized problems .
Economic Moderate Impact
Depending on the population involved, strikes, protests, and
riots could have negative impacts to economic pros perity
including employees missing work.
Environment This hazard would not affect the environment.
Program Operations A joint jurisdictional management of operations will likely take
effect, coordinated at the County level between the Sheriff’s
Office, Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE), and the
Office of Emergency Management.
Responders Those in Law Enforcement may need additional protective
equipment when responding to potentially violent incidents of
disorder. There may be possible increases in crime rate .
COOP There could be some impact to the COOP as civil unrest could
lead to disruption in operations in affected areas .
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Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Potential for property, facilities, and infrastructure to be
affected is possible . This can be caused from riots or malicious
attempts to disrupt local infrastructure.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public confidence may be a significant factor in the case of civil
disorder. Public messaging will need to s tay consistent
throughout the event.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of Civil Disorder mitigation projects in the county include :
• Designation of peaceful protest areas
• Intelligence / threat assessment for special events
• Metal detector/handheld metal dete ctor to critical facilities
• Mobile field force training and exercise Security system/video
surveillance for critical facilities
• Permitting for special events
• Public education / outreach
• Tracking and incident planning for special events
Plans CEMP – Civil Unrest Operational Plan
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Hazard: Critical Infrastructure Disruption
(Communication, Power, Water/ Wastewater)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 57%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Numerous facilities in Seminole County are classified as critical
infrastructure. Disruption of these facilities could severely
impact the economic and social wellbeing of the citizens and
patrons of Seminole County. The Office of Emergency
Management maintains a listing of the critical infrastructures,
protected by Florida Statute 119, for Department of Homeland
Security 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems,
and networks, whether physical or virtual, are considered so
vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction
would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic
security, national public health or safety, or any combination
thereof. Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21): Critical
Infrastructure Security and Resilience advances a national policy
to strengthen and maintain secure, functioning, and resilient
critical infrastructure.
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a high -frequency burst of
electromagnetic energy caused by the rapid acceleration of
changed particles. An EMP event can occur naturally from a
great geomagnetic storm, or it can be man -made through the
use of a single, crude nuclear weapon delivered by a primitive
missile, and the effects would be virtually identical. A
catastrophic EMP would cause the collapse of critical
infrastructure such as the power grid, telecommunications,
transportation, banking, finance, food, and water systems.
Water contaminants, such as industrial chemicals, biological
pathogens, and agricultural runoff, can infiltrate water sources
through various means including natural disasters, accidental
spills, or intentional acts of sabotage. These contaminants can
lead to severe degradation of water quality, rendering it unsafe
for consumption and everyday use.
Location All of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences Occurs fairly frequently mainly due to severe weather or in
extreme cases tropical cyclones. Strong thunderstorms in the
summer and storms associated with passing fronts or low-
pressure systems occur every year.
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(1989): In March, a geomagnetic storm struck the Earth, causing
widespread electrical and hydro system disruptions throughout
Quebec, Canada. These disruptions lasted as long as nine hours.
(2003): In November, ionizing radiation from a solar flare hit
Earth’s atmosphere causing severe radio blackout throughout
North America.(2024): In May, The strongest geomagnetic storm
in 20 years hit Earth causing disruptions to power grids,
broadband technology, and GPS satellites in space
Spatial Extent - Impacts from a disruption could impact more
than 50% of the county but may have county -wide effects.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of Seminole County and its jurisdictions
to critical infrastructure disruption is medium. Because CI
disruption can be caused by many different forces, it is one of
the hazards with the highest vulnerability. Severe weather,
tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and geomagnetic storms are just
some examples of harmful incidents that may cause CI
disruption. Disruption of critical infrastructure can include
communication, power, and water/ wastewater; all of which are
key components of community functions in all jurisdictions.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as they have
historically been more impacted in terms of both severity and
length of impact from this hazard than other communities within
Seminole County.
Land use development has no effect on the risk of critical
infrastructure disruption. The risk is more closely tied to system
vulnerabilities, operational practices, and external threats rather
than the overall extent of development in a region.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Could cause loss of power to home s, disruption in drinking water
supply, and loss of communication to the public.
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Critical Infrastructure Disruption.
Property Moderate Impact
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Depending on the severity of the disruption various homes and
businesses could lose electrical power, water, and
communications capability.
Economic Low Impact
this would depend on the type, scale, duration, and severity of
disruption.
Environment Hazards such as flooding from water main breaks, pollut ion from
damaged or malfunctioning power plants and contamination
from sewage/solid waste pose threats to local ecosystems and
air quality.
Program Operations Disruption to these facilities by threat or attack will be dealt with
utilizing the Seminole County Terrorism Annex.
In other situations, the responsible agency would coordinate
with emergency management.
Responders Depending on the size of the disruption, this may cause an
interruption of emergency radio traffic in the event of a
communications failure.
COOP There may be some impact to the COOP if communication is
disrupted. If so, alternate methods would be used to coordinate
the appropriate response .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Facilities near the affected areas may have to shut down .
Properties may have to undergo decontamination , and
infrastructure at a regional level could be severely affected if
shut down.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
High confidence in jurisdictional response will be partially
dependent on a timely recovery .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of Critical Infrastructure Disruption mitigation projects in
the county include
• Amateur Radio
• Analogue back -up systems
• Backup generator and other alternate power sources for
critical facilities
• Building codes and enforcement
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
• Emergency public information and warning systems
• Public education / outreach
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• Retrofit of network hardware and equipment for altern ate 9-
1-1 communications centers
• Security dates, barricades, and electronic surveillance
• Underground electrical and structural retrofit
• Satellite Phones
• Satellite Internet Services
Plans Continuity of Operations Plan
Points of Distribution Plan
Figure C
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Hazard: Cyber Security/Cyber Attack
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 62%
Relative Risk High
Description Over the past decade, the nation as a whole has seen an incr ease
in cyber-attack; defined as any offensive maneuver employed by
individuals or whole organizations that target computer
information systems, infrastructure and/or networks, by means
of malicious acts to either steal, alter, destroy, or hold hostage
valuable data from the victim(s). Furthermore, the rise of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) technology has transformed the complexity and
variety of cyber-attacks. Seminole County’s Office of Emergency
Management and Seminole County’s Information Technology
Department strive s to ensure the safety and security of the
technical inf rastructure within the County. In doing so, threat
analyses are completed to note vulnerabilities in the system and
develop corrective actions to mitigate these attacks in the
Seminole County Information Security Policy. The Internet Crime
Complaint Center (IC3) has reported over $12.5 billion in
monetary value was lost nationally in 2023 alone. To prevent this
crime, laws have been enacted, specifically, the Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012. The focus in the future will be to ensure
that Seminole County Information Services in partnership with
various public safety agencies conduct annual exercise s and
monitor the current threat levels of cyber-attack for county
information technology infrastructure.
Location Not specific to any geographic areas of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences The nation as a whole has been affected by various cyber-
attacks, especially credit card fraud .
(2017) December - The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)
reported over $5.52 billion in monetary value lost .
(2023) December – The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)
reported over $12.5 billion in monetary value lost.
(2024) January – The Seminole County Public Schools (SCPS)
finance office received what looked like an official email from
one of the district vendors, asking to change their banking
information and to pay their bill into the new account. The
employees deemed the email legit without verifying the
information allowing for the change to be made, allowing the
perpetrators to scam the district out of $1.3 million.
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(2024) June – On June 26, 2024, the Florida Department of
Health (the Department) discovered a security breach in its
network that led to unauthorized access to some of the
department’s data. This unauthorized access affected a limited
number of internal systems and resulted in the transfer of data
from a specific location within the network. The Department
immediately launched an investigation and collaborated with
cybersecurity experts to determine the nature and scope of the
breach. The Department also promptly informed law
enforcement and referred the matter to the Florida Departm ent
of Law Enforcement for investigation. The Department
conducted direct outreach and notification to individuals who
were potentially affected. Impacted individuals were offered
complimentary credit monitoring and identity theft protection
services provided by the Department. A cyber security threat
would physically affect less than 25% of Seminole County but
could have county-wide effects.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of Seminole County and its jurisdictions
to cyber security threats is high. Targets include any individual,
household, business, house of worship, or government agency.
Even with protection programs and awareness campaigns, all
jurisdictions of Seminole County are highly likely to receive
cyber-attacks including malware, phishing, and other hacking.
Countywide systems and data could potentially be compromised
by cyber-attacks, which makes protecting these systems a high
priority.
The risk of cybersecurity breaches or cyber attacks is largely
independent of land use development. While increased digital
infrastructure can expand the surface area for potential threats,
the risk is primarily shaped by technology vulnerabilities,
cybersecurity policies, and threat actor activity, rather than
physical land use.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Potential for physical harm to the public as a result of cyber-
attack on medical and other critical facilities .
Property Moderate Impact
Physical damage to property is possible through cyber-attack of
critical facilities and infrastructure.
Economic High Impact
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Depending on the nature of the threat, financial transactions
and other economic processes could be heavily impacted .
Environment Potential for impact depending on the nature of the attack .
Program Operations Program operations could be significantly impacted if data or
vital systems are compromised.
Responders Minimal impact to responders due to nature of hazard.
COOP Depending on target of attack - this may cause the relocation of
a particular service if severe enough .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Information technology infrastructure could be stressed or shut
down, but otherwise there is a low risk to property and facilities .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public confidence will depend on the timeliness of restoration of
lost services or data.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Cyber Attack mitigation strategies include
• Anti-phishing education
• Back-up systems / off -site storage
• Cyber insurance for critical infrastructures
• Cyber response team
• Cyber security assessments
• Enhanced cyber security training
• Firewalls and testing environments
• Intelligence gathering for new cyber threats
• Mutual aid for cyber services
• Public education / outreach
• Multi-Factor Authentication
• Data Encryption
Plans Seminole County Cyber Security Procedures
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Figure D: IC3 Complaint/Monetary Value Loss Statistics
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Hazard: Disease and Pandemic Outbreak
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 57%
Relative Risk Medium
Description The Department of Health is the lead agency if an outbreak
occurs. The Florida Department of Health - Seminole County
(ESF-8 Health / Medical) duties include epidemiology
surveillance, public outreach, distribution of pharmaceuticals,
and tracking the trends of possible outbreaks throughout the
country and world. The Department of Health has plans in
place, including: the use of the Strategic National Stockpile, how
to identify the outbreak, and how to determine the particular
diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic a multitude of
facilities, primarily the Sears in the Oviedo Mall and community
centers/ faith-based organizations , were established in order to
distribute vaccines and prevent the spread of the disease.
Location All of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences Hepatitis C: yearly cases averaging 300 patients.
Influenza: Reported every other year averaging 40 cases.
Salmonellosis: averaging over 100 reported cases per year.
(2009): H5N1 and H7N9 Avian flu reported 141 cases.
(2015): Seminole County experienced significant occurrences of
diseases such as H3N2, Influenza, Hepatitis A, Measles, and Zika.
(2019): 2,034 cases of Hepatitis A virus as of June 2019. Florida
Surgeon General declared a public health e mergency in August
2019.
(2020) In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared
the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
On March 1, Governor DeSantis signed Executive Order 2020-52
and directed State Surgeon General to issue a Public Health
Emergency. Se minole County remained in a State of Emergency
for over 450 days which expired on June 15, 2021.
Spatial Extent - Depending on the severity, a disease outbreak
could affect more than 50%, and most likely the entire county.
Overall Vulnerability Seminole County’s overall vulnerability to disease and pandemic
is medium. The people of Seminole County are highly vulnerable
to the spread of disease due to the population size and
proximity to tourist hotspots with travelers from all over the
country and the world. Through training, public education, and
patient tracking, first response agencies work to reduce the
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
29
overall vulnerability to the spread of diseases. All jurisdictions in
the county are similarly vulnerable to the effects of dise ases.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as there has
been a history of government mistrust which could potentially
present a barrier to providing proper care and administering
vaccinations.
Land use development does no t alter the risk of disease or
pandemic outbreaks, which are more heavily influenced by
factors such as population density, healthcare infrastructure,
public health systems, and global connectivity, rather than by
the type or extent of land development.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Depending on the characteristics and scale of the disease can
have overwhelming impact to death or injury.
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Disease and Pandemic Outbreak.
Property Not Applicable
Economic High Impact
May slow down business and economic activity in an area
affected by the disease due to w orkers missing work (sickness),
temporary business closures, hospital resource s/space usage
and limited interaction between people due to quarantine and
fear of exposure.
Environment Can potentially impact environment if a disease were to spread
within animal populations.
Program Operations The Department of Health is the lead agency in an event.
The County would make use of the Strategic National Stockpile
and use the County's preestablished Memorandums of
Understand (MOUs) as a point of dispensing of pharmaceuticals ,
vaccines, personal protective equipment (PPE), or anything else
that is needed.
A hospital’s capacity may be impacted depending on size and
severity of event.
Responders Heightened stress on medical personnel and may require higher
level of personal protective equipment (PPE).
COOP The COOP should remain unphased unless disease is spread and
affected individuals are involved in the response operations .
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Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Increased stress on local hospitals with increasing patients
related to disease , however there would likely be minimal
impact to physical structures.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Seminole County's response to a disease outbreak would
determine the public's confidence in all sectors of government.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of Disease and Pandemic mitigation projects in the county include:
• Contact tracing
• Epidemiology surveillance
• Environmental hazardous waste disposal
• Isolation / quarantine methods
• Personal protective equipment & training
• Public outreach from the Health Department
• Vaccinations
• Zoonotic disease surveillance
Plans
Pandemic Response Plan
Epidemiology Plan
Figures E & F
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Hazard: Domestic Security/ Terrorism (CBRNE)
Probability of Occurrence 6-10 Years
Risk 32%
Relative Risk Medium
Description State and local governments have primary responsibility in
planning for and managing the consequences of a domestic
security/ terrorist incident using available resources in the
critical hours before Federal assistance can arrive. The terrorist
threat may represent Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear,
Explosive (CBRNE) hazards, and/or other threats or a
combination of several hazards. The initial detection of a
Weapon(s) of Mass Destruction (WMD) attack will likely occur at
the local level by either first responders or private entities (e.g.,
hospitals, corporations, etc.). The detection of a terrorist
incident involving covert biological agents will most likely occur
through the recognition of similar symptoms or syndromes by
clinical in-hospital or clinical settings. It is incumbent upon all
county and municipal responders to be as well trained as
possible in WMD response. The intricacies of an effective
response demand the utmost cooperation among all
responders, Federal, State, County and municipalities.
Terrorism is a serious issue in Florida. Terrorism increases the
likelihood of mass casualty and mass evacuation from a target
area. For threats of armed violence, it is likely that joint
jurisdictional management of the operation will take e ffect and
will be coordinated at the county level between the Sheriff,
fire/rescue, the Department of Health and FDLE. There are
seven regional coordination teams throughout the State of
Florida, called Regional Domestic Security Task Force (RDSTF).
These consortiums evaluate vulnerabilities to the community
and provide strategic plans for strengthening the homeland. In
addition to the RDSTF, the Central Florida area is listed as an
Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI). In 2003, the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) created the Urban
Areas Security Initiative (UASI) Grant Program to support the
planning, equipment, training, and exercise needs of high -threat,
and high-density urban areas around the country.
Location No particular area in Seminole County
Significant Occurrences (2016): June 12, Pulse Nightclub – The City of Orlando
experienced the worst mass shooting event in the United States’
history up to that date. 49 victims were killed, 53 additional
were injured, and the shooter wa s killed.
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A terrorist attack would most likely be very localized and
isolated and impact less than 25% of the geographic area of the
County, however effects could be county -wide.
Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability to a terrorist attack is medium within
Seminole County and its jurisdictions. Human and property
impacts could be severe and widespread depending on the
nature of the attack. Because terrorist attacks can take many
forms and include many types of weapons, it is difficult to
reduce the county’s overall vulnerability to these incidents. First
response agencies attempt to reduce vulnerability through
prevention tactics and intelligence sharing. No jurisdiction in
Seminole County is more vulnerable to attack than another.
Land use development does not directly affect the risk of
domestic terrorism or CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological,
Nuclear, and Explosive) threats. The risk is influenced more by
national security measures, intelligence, and counterterrorism
efforts than by urban growth or land use patterns.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
G reat potential for threat to health and safety depending on
type of attack.
Localized impact if explosive, but potentially widespread effects
if CBRNE.
Property Low Impact
Potential for higher impact if CBRNE is dispersed. Depending on
type of attack and location of the attack can scale to higher
impact.
Economic Moderate Impact
If target is financial or major commercial building or institution,
impacts can be greater and more widespread; other cases could
shut down industries, infrastructure, and/or the delivery of
services.
Environment Potential for high consequence if CBRNE is dispersed. Aquifer
system is vulnerable to intentional spill of hazardous materials.
Program Operations If attack is in vicinity of program operations, there could be
major impacts and disruption; potential relocation.
Responders Potentially very dangerous and hazardous conditions.
Requires proper personal protective equipment for various
threats; potential for increased stress and fatigue.
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COOP Depending on type, scale, and specific location of event, the
COOP could be disrupted.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Potentially high impact to critical facilities and infrastructure
depending on target of attack and type of threats.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Public’s confidence could be severely impacted by terrorist
attack depending on nature and scale of threat. Prevention and
re sponse are key to maintaining confidence.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for terrorism include:
• Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
• Homeland Security assessment / surveys
• Intelligence surveillance systems
• Public outreach / education
• Security and surveillance systems for critical facilities
• See Something, Say Something systems /programs
• VIPER surveillance programs
Plans
CEMP – Terrorism Annex C
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Hazard: Drought and Water Shortage
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 67%
Relative Risk High
Description A drought is noted as a period of unusually dry weather that
persists long enough to cause serious problems such as crop
damage and/or water supply shortages. There are four basic
approaches to measuring drought (Wilhite, 1985):
Meteorological- defined usually on the basis of the degree of
dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount)
and the duration of the dry period.
Agricultural- drought to agricultural impacts, focusing on
precipitation shortages, differences between actual and
potential evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced ground
water or reservoir levels.
Hydrological- associated with the effects of periods of
precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on surface or
subsurface water supply (i.e., streamflow, reservoir and lake
levels, groundwater).
Socioeconomic- associated with the supply and demand of some
economic good with elements of meteorological, hy drological,
and agricultural drought.
The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of
moisture deficiency, the duration, and the size of the affected
area. In the past, most of Central Florida has suffered from
droughts to the e xtent that unnecessary water usage has been
curtailed by legislation. This curtailment, imposed by local
governments and the St. Johns Water Management District was
accomplished by water use restriction during designated hours
and alternate days. Many natural hazards can arise from the
effects of drought. Historically, drought in Florida has been
known to contribute to wildfires, sinkholes, and major water
shortages between the months of November -April.
One of the major bodies of water providing a water source for
much of our crops and agriculture territory in Seminole County is
the St. Johns River. During long periods of drought, a disruption
in the watering cycle can have potentially damaging effects,
including substantial crop loss in the no rthwestern portion of
the unincorporated county and city of Lake Mary . In addition to
the crop loss and livestock reductions, drought in Seminole
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
35
County is associated with an increase in wildfire threat which in
turn, places both human and wildlife populations at a higher
risk.
Extent Between D0 – Abnormally Dry and D4 – Exceptional Drought
(Drought Severity Classification)
Location All of Seminole County could be affected by drought
Significant Occurrences (2012): The 2-month period of April and May of 2012, reached
highest level of drought with portions of the state under a D -4
Drought Exceptional condition.
(2015): July through September, D-3 conditions were reported.
(2017): May, a major portion of the state displayed D -3
conditions.
(2018): March, Seminole County was under a burn ban due to
dry conditions.
(2019): June, Seminole County was under a burn ban for one
week due to dry con ditions and increased fire risk.
(2023): Seminole County was under a burn ban for four weeks
between March and April due to extreme dry co nditions and
associated fire risk.
(2024): June, Seminole County was under a burn ban due to
drought conditions.
Spatial Extent – A drought would affect more than 50%, and
most likely the entire county.
Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability to dro ught or water shortage in Seminole
County and its jurisdictions is high. During the dry months of the
year, drought can cause serious consequences and have
compounding effects. Tactics such as water usage restrictions
are implemented to save water. Drought or water shortage
would have a similar level of vulnerability in all jurisdictions of
Seminole County.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to all jurisdictions
within the county .
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as this hazard
has historically impacted these communities more severely than
other communities within Seminole County.
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As Seminole County continues to expand, increasing land
development places greater demand on local water resources.
Urbanization reduces natural groundwater recharge areas, while
higher water consumption for residential, commercial, and
agricultural needs accelerates depletion.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
May require water use restrictions, which could cause stress to
agricultural production.
Increase in heat-related illness including dehydration .
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs within Seminole
County and its jurisdictions are more vulnerable overall to the
impacts of Drought and Water Shortages.
Property Low Impact
Heat-sensitive components may be compromised .
Economic Moderate Impact
Agribusiness, public utilities, and other industries reliant upon
water for production or services .
Environment A reduction in ground water supplies creates a situation
conducive to sinkholes, most commonly in the east and west
unincorporated county areas, and the cities of Altamonte
Springs and Oviedo; however, effects can be felt in any
jurisdiction.
Non-domesticated animals will be directly impacted, flora may
die off, increased fire risk as well as likelihood of soil quality
degradation.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from drought and water shortages and
that future mitigation and adaptation strategies related t o this
hazard should be considered.
Program Operations Prolonged drought periods may require suspension of services .
Responders Prolonged exposure to severe conditions, overexertion required
by job will increase risk of heat -related illness.
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COOP No major disruptions are associated with this hazard to the
COOP.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Heat-sensitive components may be compromised .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The response of various utilities, water resource managers, and
emergency management would be subject to the public's
approval.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of Drought and Water Shortage mitigation efforts include:
• Improvement in the social awareness of droughts, their
effects, and countermeasures
• Increasing soil water retention and its availability for
plants
• Landscaping and plan selection for irrigation reduction
• Landscape water usage restrictions
• Modification of the technology of water use on farm s, in
fields, in catchments
• Public Education / outreach
• Rain barrels for landscaping / rainwater harvesting
Plans Environmental Water Usage Procedures
Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Figure G : Drought Categorical Descriptions relative to Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
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Figure H: Seminole County Drought Timeline
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Hazard: Earthquakes
Probability of Occurrence 10+ Years
Risk 22%
Relative Risk Low
Description An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth's lithosphere
(its crust and upper mantle). Earthquakes are caused by the
release of built-up stress within rocks along geologic faults or by
the movement of magma in volcanic areas. They are usua lly
followed by aftershocks. There are no fault lines in Seminole
County, but effects of offshore impacts could be felt if the
earthquake was strong enough .
Extent The Richter scale measures the intensity or magnitude of an
earthquake and represents the intensity with a scale ranging
from 1 to 10. Each whole number increase on the scale
represents a tenfold increase in wave amplitude and roughly 32
times more energy release.
Location Not specific to any geographic areas of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences Earthquakes have not had a major impact in Florida. Notable
occurrences include:
(1879): January – St. Augustine
(1880): January – Cuba and Key West
(2006): September 10, 2006 – rare 5.9 magnitude earthquake
occurred in the e astern Gulf of Mexico and produced weak to
light shaking across much of Florida, including Seminole County.
There were no reported damages in Seminole County.
(2014): January – Cuba and Key West
(2024) A 4.0 magnitude earthquake hit approximately 100 miles
from the Cape Canaveral coast.
Spatial Extent - An earthquake would likely affect more than
50% of the county’s land area.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of Seminole County and its jurisdictions
to earthquakes is low. While earthquakes are possible in or near
Seminole County, their likelihood is low, and effects would be
felt equally throughout the county. Property damage would be
one of the greatest losses caused by earthquakes, with little
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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prevention activities possible for these events. All jurisdictions
are similarly vulnerable to the effects of earthquakes.
While Seminole County and its jurisdictions have a low
probability of experiencing significant earthquake activity, the
county’s growing population increases the number of structures
and residents potentially affected by even minor seismic events.
Underserved communities, often located in older or lower -cost
housing that may not be built to modern seismic standards, face
heightened risks of structural damage and displacement .
Land use development can increase the risk of damage from
earthquakes by expanding infrastructure, buildings, and critical
facilities in areas with unstable soils or poor structural resilience.
The addition of high-density developments, particularly those
not built to seismic-resistant standards, can lead to amplified
ground shaking effects in the event of an earthquake.
Furthermore, increased groundwa ter extraction and
construction activity can contribute to soil instability, potentially
exacerbating ground movement or subsidence in certain areas.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
Risk to health and safety from falling debris, stress and fatigue
are also possible if incident is severe enough.
Property Low Impact
Earthquakes can cause damage to property, facilities, and
infrastructure but are historically rare in Seminole County.
Economic Low Impact
The overall economy of Seminole County. Business es would be
able to reopen once a building inspection was complete.
Environment Localized consequences, but earthquakes are historically rare in
Seminole County.
Program Operations If severe enough, can affect program operations, but extremely
unlikely.
Responders There would be a risk of falling debris and impacted
transportation routes.
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COOP Resources to continue operations may be limited (i.e. phones,
Internet).
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
If severe enough, can affect infrastructure, but extremely
unlikely.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public confidence in this hazard will be directly related to the
County's overall response by local leaders and public safety
officials.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of Earthquake mitigation st rategies in the county include:
• Anti-fracking rules / ordinances
• Hardening of infrastructure
• Structural mitigation measures to improve the capacity of a
building to resist seismic forces
Plans No Plans
The figure below shows the locations of all known earthquakes which occurred in the Florida region since 1875.
The red and purple circles lie at the epicenters (e.g., on the surface) above predominantly very shallow (0-35 km)
seismic foci. The yellow triangles are reported and/or located earthquakes that occurred on land in Florida prior to
1975.
Figure I: Known earthquakes occurrences in Florida
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Hazard: Extreme Heat
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 52%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Heat-related deaths and illness are preventable, yet annually,
many people succumb to extreme heat. According to NOAA’s
National Weather Service, h eat is the number one weather-
related killer in the United States. During 2023, 2,300 people
died nationwide as a result of extreme heat . This number is also
a new record for heat related deaths.
The National Weather Service statistical data shows that h eat
causes more fatalities per year than floods, hurricanes,
tornadoes, and lightning (individually) nationwide most years
and within short-term (10-year) and long-term (30-year)
averages.
Temperatures that hover 9 degrees or more above the average
high temperature of 90°F for the region and last for 3 or more
consecutive days are defined as extreme heat. A major impact to
these extreme heat events includes the monitoring of heat and
drought indice s for the implantation of county -wide burn bans.
Public inf ormation activities are also put in place during extreme
heat events that remind people of the risk of heat exhaustion.
Humid or muggy conditions, which add to the discomfort of high
temperatures, occur when a "dome" of high atmospheric
pressure traps hazy , damp air near the ground. Excessively dry
and hot conditions can provoke dust storms and low visibility.
Droughts occur when a long period passes without substantial
rainfall. A heat wave combined with a drought is a very
dangerous situation. The highest recorded temperature for
Seminole County was on June 1, 2004 at 101°F.
Extent 3 -10 consecutive days of 99°F or higher
Location Extreme Heat would affect all of Seminole County
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Significant Occurrences Summer heat indice s can exceed 100 degrees.
(2004): June – Reaching 101 degrees.
(2016): July – Reaching 100 degrees.
(2020) In Seminole County the temperatures reached over 95F
thirty-three times.
(2021) In Seminole County the temperatures reached over 95F
twelve times.
(2022) In Seminole County the temperatures reached over 95F
twenty-six times.
(2023) According to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for
Space Studies (GISS) in New York, July 2023 was hotter than any
other month in the global temperature record.
(2023) According to NWS, a record high of 99 degrees was
observed in the Sanford area. Which warranted an excessive
heat warning to be issued.
(2024) In Seminole County the temperatures reached over 95F
twenty-nine times (so far).
Temperatures above 95F occur most often in June, July, August,
and occasionally in May and September.
The Natural Resources Defense Council expects for the county to
have 13.8 summer days per year of extreme heat.
Spatial Extent - Extreme heat would affect more than 50%, if not
the entire county.
Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability to extreme heat is medium in Seminole
County and its jurisdictions. While property is unlikely to be
affected by extreme heat conditions, homeless populations are
highly vulnerable to extreme heat with approximately 2,883
homeless citizens in Seminole, Orange and Osceola counties as
of 2024. Extreme heat can also have greater impacts on outside
workers, and elderly and infant populations. Extreme heat
would impact all of Seminole County and w ould have similar
vulnerability levels across all jurisdictions.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as homes within
these communities are typically older homes with insufficient
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HVAC capabilities.
Land use development changes have led to e xpanding urban
areas which contribute to the urban heat island effect, where
concrete, asphalt, and reduced vegetation lead to higher
localized temperatures. This intensifies heat waves, increasing
risks to public health, energy consumption, and infrastructure.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Inside a home with little or no air conditioning is the most
dangerous place to be during extreme heat.
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special needs
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Ex treme Heat.
Property Not Applicable
Most infrastructure is built to withstand high temperatures seen
with Central Florida's climate .
Economic Moderate Impact
May stress local water supply demands .
Environmental A reduction in ground water supplies create a situation
conducive to sinkholes, non -domesticated animals will be
directly impacted, and flora may die off.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from extreme heat and that future
mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this hazard
should be considered.
Program Operations Operations should not be impacted from an extreme heat event
as long as working conditions remain normal (proper A/C, etc.).
Responders Prolonged exposure to severe conditions and overexertion
required by job will increase heat -related illness.
COOP The COOP should not be impacted from an extreme heat event
as long as working conditions remain normal (proper A/C, etc.).
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Property, facilities, and infrastructure are built to withstand high
temperatures.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's G overnance
The public confidence would be related to any response actions
the county takes to alleviate effects from extreme heat .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of mitigation efforts that can be adopted include:
• Cooling centers
• Cool pavements
• Cool roofs / infrastructure
• Emergency public information / warning
• Green infrastructure / roofing
• HVAC / Generator rules / ordinances for healthcare facilities
• Increased vegetation / canopy covering
• LEED certified building / construction
• Public education / outreach
• Rubber chipping at playground and recreational facilities
• Temporary shading / tenting
• Tree Planting / Maintenance Annual Program
• Resiliency Hubs
Plans
Extreme Weather Plan Operations Annex to CEMP
Figure J: Heat Related Deaths in the U.S
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Hazard: Financial Collapse
Probability of Occurrence 10+ Years
Risk 25%
Relative Risk Low
Description A financial collapse is a devastating breakdown of the national,
regional, or territorial economy. The span of time these events
last could range anywhere from months to decades while the
lasting effects can be seen for a long time after. In our country,
there were two notable financial collapses known as the Great
Depression lasting from 1929 to the early 1940s and the Great
Recession lasting from December 2007 to June 2009. Following
the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States experienced
economic hardships due to affected supply chain across the
globe, dramatically increasing the cost of consume r goods, real
estate, and construction/fuel costs. U nemployment skyrocketed
to 14.7% at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020,
and those rates remained elevated through late 2021.
Location Any geographic area of Seminole County could be affected.
Significant Occurrences (1929-1940s): The Great Depression
(2007-2009): Great Recession - December 2007 - June 2009
Spatial Extent- Would affect more than 50% of area - a financial
collapse would impact virtually the entire county's population.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of Seminole County and its jurisdictions
to financial collapse is low. Keeping county funds in reserves
helps to reduce the vulnerability of financial collapse however,
the lack of diverse employ ment opportunities increases the
potential losses from the collapse of one field.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as there is a
higher percentage of lower-income individuals present.
Land use development does not directly impact the risk of
financial collapse, which is typically driven by economic
conditions, market forces, global trade dynamics, and financial
systems, rather than by local urbanization or land development.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
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Although a financial collapse will certainly have an impact on
human life, it will not directly introduce any hazardous factors to
human life as a whole.
Property Low Impact
There is potential for loss of houses, vehicles, etc. due to
individuals’ inability to afford costs however, no physical loss to
property is noted.
Economic High Impact
Subject to the nature of the collapse, many, if not all economic
properties would be affected. Stocks, unemployment , and the
ability to loan and borrow would all be impacted.
Environment Economic effects could indirectly affect environmental
protection projects, initiative s, etc.
Program Operations Certain operations may be slowed by an economic crisis .
Responders Higher stress and anxiety could affect responders, but there are
no direct effects.
COOP Employees needed to help in the recovery may lose their jobs as
a result of a financial collapse .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Physical damage not applicable, but any repairs or new
construction needed may be impacted by a struggling economy .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public's confidence would be dependent on the ability of the
economy to recover in a timely manner.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of mitigation measures in the county include:
• Affordable work force housing alternatives
• Community gardens / co-ops for feeding
• County reserves
• Diversifying careers / businesses
• Diverse business portfolio
• Promotion of financial insurance programs
• Public education / warning
• Public transportation / infrastructure
• Small business continuity educational programs
• Sustainable development ordinances
Plans Points of Distribution (POD) Operatio ns Annex to CEMP
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Figure K: Debt held by the Public 1943-2033 (projected):
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Hazard: Floods
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 67%
Relative Risk High
Description Flooding is the covering of land by water that is not normally
covered by water. It occurs when an area is inundated beyond
its natural or designed ability to drain and absorb this water.
Flooding is measured through a percent annual chance, or the
freque ncy at which a certain flood level is likely to occur. The
elevation at which a base flood would take place has a 1%
annual chance of occurring, also known as a 100-year flood. .2%
annual chance would be a 500-year flood, and areas identified as
minimal flooding have less than .2% annual chance of flooding or
need further study. Locations in the minimal flooding areas can
still experience flooding due to heavy rainfall. These areas can
include closed basin lakes, areas experiencing stormwater
related flooding, or ground saturated from early season rainfall.
Seminole County does not address risk and vulnerabilities
related to Dams as there are no dams present within the County.
Extent Flood gages along the St. John’s River and at the Little Wekiva
River indicate flood levels between Action, Minor, Moderate,
and Major flood stages. Minor flood impacts can start to occur
at Action Stage with minimal flooding to low lying areas and
parks, all the way to historic flooding in Major Stage with water
covering maj or roads and standing water in homes.
Location The areas most affected by heavy rains are located in the
northeastern and eastern parts of the County along the St.
John’s River, Econlockhatchee River, Lake Monroe, Lake Jessup
and Lake Harney in unincorporated areas, City of Oviedo, City of
Winter Springs, and City of Sanford . Flood impacts are also seen
in the western part of the County from the Wekiva River and
Little Wekiva River in the City of Altamonte Springs, City of
Longwood, and unincorporated areas. Localized flooding can
also occur anywhere in the county due to heavy rainfall. More
specific information on the flood hazard area can be found in the
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan, 2020, which is
an annex to the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy .
Significant Occurrences (1924): Historic flooding event
(2004): Hurricanes – Charley, Frances, and Jeanne
(2008): Tropical Storm Fay – Localized flooding, roadway
washouts, affected over 150 homes, prompted Presidential
Disaster Declaration.
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(2017): Hurricane Irma – major flooding event
(2018): St. John's River action stage in summer of 2018 –
sandbag operations in localized areas
(2020) Fall of 2020 experienced Action Stage on St. Johns River,
sandbag sites, and closure of boat ramps
(2022) Historic flooding occurred from Hurricane s Ian and Nicole
on the St. John’s River and Little Wekiva River
Spatial Extent - Flooding could impact between 25%-50% of the
county's area, potentially greater in rare events .
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability to floods in Seminole County and its
jurisdictions is high. With several large bodies of water in the
county and municipalities including Lake Jesup, Lake Monroe,
Lake Harney, and the St. John’s River; our community is very
vulnerable to flooding. Enforcing floodway restrictions and
building codes reduce s vulnerability however, with heavy rains
caused by severe weather and tropical cyclones, flooding is
possible in any jurisdiction of the county.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
Land use changes and development in flood -prone areas
increases impervious surfaces, reducing natural absorption of
rainfall and worsening runoff. Poor stormwater management
and loss of wetlands elevate the frequency and severity of
flooding events.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Risk of loss of life and injury, displacement, and increased
distress. May affect drinking water; can increase risks to health .
Due to the increased health risks facing the special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of this hazard.
Property High Impact
Utility outages, transportation infrastructure closures, and
varying levels of damage to structures in low -lying areas.
Impacts will be greatest along the St. Johns River and in
unincorporated Seminole County and the cities of Altamonte
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Springs, Sanford, and Winter Springs but can occur in any
jurisdiction.
Economic High Impact
Severe flooding can cause economic turmoil for individuals,
businesses, and subsequently the county through both direct
and indirect methods.
Environment Increased risk of exposure to hazardous materials.
Displacement of wildlife may increase public health and safety
issues, and potential increased arboviral vectors such as disease -
carrying mosquitos. These can occur in any jurisdiction but will
be most likely in areas of flooding where water is standing.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from flooding and that future mitigation
and adaptation strategies related to this hazard should be
considered.
Program Operations Operations may be affected or interrupted by flooding .
Responders Risk to life and safety while responding to populations affected
by flooding.
COOP Staffing difficulties are possible (per sonnel unable to drive to
work or attending to own family).
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Utility outages, transportation infrastructure closures, and
varying levels of damage to structures in low -lying areas.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Confidence will be shaped by the response of emergency
management in mitigating, preparing, and responding to a
flooding event.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of flooding mitigation projects in the county include :
• Clear waterways of obstructions
• Demolition of Severe Repetitive Loss properties
• Design and reconstruction of improved drainage system
• Designated natural lands
• Elevation of structures above Base Flood Elevation
• Floodplain and stream restoration
• Floodplain ordinances
• Installation of storm water flood control measures to
prevent flooding and related damage
• Low impact development
• Promoting flood insurance
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• Public Information / outreach
• Sandbaggers / sandbag jigs
• Storm water system for bodies of water
• Structure modifications to commercial buildings
• Water retention, green space preservation, green
infrastructure
Plans Storm Water Clearing Operations Plan
Flood Response Plan
Sandbag Operations Plan
Floodplain Management Plan
Figure L: Seminole County Regulatory Flood Zones Across all Jurisdictions
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Figure M: The highest crest at Lake Harney, the mouth of the St. Johns River
Height (ft) Date
12.67 10/03/2022
11.15 08/28/2008
10.62 10/13/1953
10.57 09/19/2017
10.10 10/01/1924
10.07 10/02/2004
9.50 09/12/2004
9.45 11/21/1994
8.83 03/01/1998
8.71 10/24/1995
8.61 09/21/2001
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Hazard: Harmful Algal Bloom
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 43%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Cyanobacteria, also called blue -green algae, are microscopic
organisms found naturally in every aquatic habitat including
fresh, brackish (combined salt and fresh water), and marine
water. The organisms use sunlight to make their own food and
as a by-product, produce oxygen. In warm, nutrient-rich (high in
phosphorus and nitrogen) environments, cyanobacteria can
multiply quickly, creating blooms that sp read across the water’s
surface. Cyanobacteria can be toxic to humans, pets, and
liv estock. Blooms can stay below the water’s surface, or they
sometimes float to the surface in warmer climate. Some
cyanobacteria blooms can look like foam, scum, or mats,
particularly when the wind blows them toward a shoreline.
Harmful algal blooms, often caused by the proliferation of
cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to human health and the
environment. Cyanobacteria produce toxins known as
cyanotoxins, which can contaminate water sources such as
lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Ingestion of water cont aminated
with cyanotoxins can lead to gastrointestinal problems such as
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These
symptoms can be particularly severe in children, the elderly, and
individuals with compromised immune systems. Additionally,
contact with water containing cyanobacteria or their toxins can
cause skin irritation, rashes, or allergic reactions, especially in
individuals with sensitive skin. Inhalation of cyanobacteria
aerosols, particularly during recreational activities like swimming
or boating in affected water bodies, can lead to respiratory
problems such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
Overall, harmful algal blooms represent a public health concern .
Location Waterbodies across Seminole County
Significant Occurrences (2019): In October, Seminole County was alerted to two (2) blue -
green algae blooms in residential lakes. Sampling and testing of
the lakes confirmed toxins in the lake , and alert signage was
placed in public locations surrounding t he waterbody. A reverse
emergency call was placed to all of the residents in the area.
(2022): In November, Seminole County was alerted to two (2)
blue-green algae blooms in Lake Howell and Deep Lake.
Sampling and testing of the lakes confirmed toxins in t he lake ,
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and alert signage was placed in public locations surrounding the
waterbody. A reverse emergency call was placed to all of the
residents in the area.
(2023): In January, Seminole County was alerted to one (1) blue -
green algae bloom in Wood Lake. Sampling and testing of the
lakes confirmed toxins in the lake and alert signage was placed
in public locations surrounding the waterbody. A reverse
emergency call was placed to all of the residents in the area.
(2024): In April, Seminole County was alerted to two (2) blue -
green algae blooms in Little Big Econ River and Lake Jesup.
Sampling and testing of the bodies of water confirmed toxins in
the lake and alert signage was placed in public locations
surrounding the waterbody. A reverse emergency call was
placed to all of the residents in the area.
Overall Vulnerability Seminole County’s overall vulnerability to harmful algal blooms
(HABs) is medium. The people of Seminole County are highly
vulnerable to the threat of HABs due to the numerous areas
where it can be present. Through continuous monitoring, public
education, and deploying alerts/messaging when HABs are
identified, first response agencies work to reduce the overall
vulnerability to the effects of HABs. All jurisdictions in the county
are similarly vulnerable to the effects of HABs.
Land use development does not have a direct impact on the risk
of harmful algal blooms, as these events are primarily driven by
nutrient runoff, water temperature, hydrological conditions, and
other environme ntal factors.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
Gastrointestinal Illness – Ingestion of water contaminated with
cyanotoxins produced by HABs can cause gastrointestinal
symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal
pain. These symptoms can be particularly severe in children, the
elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
Skin Irritation – Direct contact with water containing
cyanobacteria or their toxins can lead to skin irritation, rashes,
or allergic reactions, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Dermatitis and other skin conditions may occur upon exposure
to cyanobacterial blooms.
Respiratory Issues – Inhalation of cyanobacteria aerosols,
particularly during recreational activities like swimming, b oating,
or water sports in affected water bodies, can lead to respiratory
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problems such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
Respiratory irritation may result from exposure to cyanotoxins,
or other organic compounds released by algal blooms.
Neurological Effects – Some cyanotoxins, such as microcystins,
have been associated with neurological symptoms including
headaches, dizziness, weakness, confusion, and in severe cases,
seizures, or paralysis. Long-term exposure to cyanobacterial
toxins may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
Long-Term Health Risks – Chronic exposure to cyanotoxins over
time may pose long-term health risks, including an increased risk
of liver cancer, kidney cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and
other chronic health conditions. Prolonged exposure to HABs
may exacerbate pre -existing health conditions and contribute to
cumulative health effects.
Property Low Impact
HABs can negatively influence property value durin g an active
bloom.
Economic Low Impact
HABs cause lakes, reservoirs, and rivers to become unsightly and
at times dangerous, reducing tourism, recreation, commercial
fishing, and property values and increasing water quality
monitoring, management, and treatment costs.
Environment A bloom of algae on the water’s surface creates a turbid (cloudy)
underwater environment, one that prevents much of the sun’s
light from reaching bottom-dwelling organisms, including plants.
Underwater plants are often a critical source of food and shelter
for other organisms, and without them entire aquatic food webs
and ecosystems can suffer.
Even nontoxic algal blooms can have a detrimental impact on
aquatic ecosystems in the form of dead zones, areas in a water
body with so little oxygen that aquatic life can’t survive. Also
known as hypoxic zones, dead zones are typically a result of
eutrophication, which is what happens when a waterway
becomes overly polluted with nutrients.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increas ed risk of
environmental impacts from harmful algal blooms and that
future mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this
hazard should be considered.
Program Operations This hazard would have minimal impact to program operations.
Responders Responders should ensure to rinse off with fresh water if contact
is made with suspected HAB waterways.
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COOP This hazard would not affect the COOP.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Physical structures would not be affected by this hazard.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
In the event of a failure or poor response to a reported HAB , the
public’s perception of Seminole County can become negative.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Potential Methods for Mitigation of HABs:
• Floating Treatment Wetlands
• Riparian Vegetation
• Aeration
• Mechanical Circulation
• Hypolimnetic Oxygenation
• Coagulation & Flocculation
• Barley Straw
Plans
CEMP – Operations Annex D-38 Recreational Water
Contamination Response Plan
Figure N: Locations of toxic water samples leading to a health alert in Seminole County waterways
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Hazard: Hazardous Materials / Radiological
(Fixed Site and Transportation)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 48%
Relative Risk Medium
Description There are numerous hazardous materials facilities and plants
throughout Seminole County. A majority of these facilities are
water treatment facilities and some construction and building
facilities. In addition, there are hazardous materials located in
minor quantities at schools, hospitals, and some of the
telecommunication facilities throughout Seminole County.
Seminole County has an aggressive hazardous m aterials
inspection and cataloging program. The information collected
from the facilities is place d into a State -wide system for easy
access by emergency responders. The Emergency Operations
Center monitors planning and training activities, spills, chemical
releases, and hazardous materials events.
Seminole County would not be directly affected by a coastal oil
spill; therefore, an assessment is excluded. However, the
County could feel the effects from a spill during an incident
affecting the Florida Power and Light facility on the St. John’s
River in Volusia County at Highway 17-92 near the bridge .
Seminole County has a minimal chance of experiencing the
effects of a hazardous material/radiological incident caused by
rocket launches out of Kennedy Space Center.
Location North, Central and West geographic areas of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences (2013-2016) 1,4-Dioxane , which is not regulated by State or
Federal standards, was first identified in three (3) Seminole
County Water Treatment Plants in 2013, results were published
in a 2015 Annual Water Quality Report, and operational
adjustments were made in 2016 to minimiz e concentrations of
1,4-d drinking water. Since then, county drinking water has
tested below the Health Advisory Level of .35 parts per billion.
(2023) Lake Mary water treatment facility experienced a
hydrogen peroxide leak; levels were not harmful.
Notably, Interstate 4 and SR 417are both essential roadways
that are used to transport hazardous materials .
Spatial Extent – Any hazardous material accident would have
very localized impacts and would account for less than 25% of
the county's geographic area.
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Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability of hazardous materials incidents is medium
in Seminole County and its jurisdictions. While the spatial extent
of these incidents would likely be low, the impacts to humans
could be substantial. Having busy interstates and active railways
leaves the county vulnerable to hazardous materials leaks.
Having major bodies of water such as Lake Jesup, Lake Monroe,
and the St. Johns River also leaves room f or vulnerability
because some hazardous materials may be spread through the
waterways.
Land use changes that increase industrial activity, transportation
networks, and storage of hazardous materials elevate the
potential for spills, leaks, and exposure risks. Development near
industrial sites or major transportation routes compounds
vulnerabilities.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Depending on the hazardous material, there may be ranging
impacts to human health and safety; may require shelter-in -
place .
Property Moderate Impact
The property affected by a spill could have varying impacts
depending on the type and scale of the disaster.
Economic Moderate Impact
Depending on the severity and material that is spilled it can
impact property value, local businesses, and tourism.
Environment Certain materials can be detrimental to environmental
ecosystems.
Program Operations Rare events can occur requiring relocation of program
operations.
Responders Protective actions required for responders such as proper PPE,
depending on the hazardous materials .
COOP Unless directly impacted operations center, this hazard poses
very little threat to COOP .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Depending on the nature and severity of event, there could be a
larger risk to infrastructure, etc.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The public's confidence would be related to the ability of the
county to respond appropriately and contain the situation .
Risk Reduction Through
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Mitigation Mitigation projects for hazardous materials include :
• Air monitoring equipment
• Containment equipment / logistics
• Convert gas chlorination system to liquid chlorine system
• Develop proactive hazardous materials response plan
• Emergency Public Information and Warning
• Hazardous Materials storage ordinance
• Hazardous Materials team training and exercises
• Public Education / outreach
Plans Hazardous Materials Standard Operating Guidelines
Figure O: Hazardous Material Locations
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Hazard: Mass Gatherings/ Planned Events
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 43%
Relative Risk Medium
Description There are numerous special events in Seminole County that
bring over 10,000 persons together in one venue. Of these, the
largest event is the annual “Red Hot and Boom” celebration in
the City of Altamonte Springs. This event draws more than
150,000 people to enjoy the Independence Day celebration. In
addition to “Red Hot and Boom”, the City of Sanford’s Fort
Mellon Independence Day Celebration, Winter Springs, and
Oviedo events have significant numbers of people on July 4th.
Other special events are normally located in the various parks
and recreational centers throughout Seminole County. The
largest of the non -government sponsored events is the Scottish
Highland Games Festival. Thousands of people come to
Seminole County to visit the parks during thes e events.
Location No particular geographic area of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences "Red, Hot, and Boom" Independence Day Celebration in
Altamonte Springs brings over 150,000 people .
City of Sanford's Fort Mellon, Winter Springs and Oviedo
fire works together equal roughly 150,000.
The Scottish Highland Games is the second largest event in
Seminole County with over 20,000 attending each of the three
days.
The ECNL Boys and Girls Soccer League Tournament in
December brings in over 100 teams from around the Nation.
Spatial Extent - These events are localized and would affect less
than 25% of the county
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of mass gatherings or planned events is
medium. Even with specialized equipment, teams and training
for these type of events, mass gatherings continue to be
vulnerable targets. First responders work to reduce the
vulnerability of large events by implementing security
checkpoints, vehicle barricades and other safety measures.
Buildings, infrastructure, and systems within Seminole County
are not very vulnerable to violent acts. Although large events
take place in all jurisdictions of Seminole County, the cities of
Altamonte Springs and Sanford may be more vulnerable to
attacks due to their large nu mber of outside public events.
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Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
The risk associated with mass gatherings or planned events is
not significantly impacted by land use development. Event risks
are primarily influenced by event management, security
measures, crowd behavior, and external factors such as
weather, rather than the overall development of the area.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
With large amounts of people, general injuries are more likely,
civil disturbances more likely, increased traffic and accident risk .
Property Low Impact
Influx of people may overtax local resources if not prepared
however, no impact to the physical property is expected.
Economic Moderate Impact
Increased demand of local resources, food, water, etc.
Environment This human-caused hazard would likely not have an impact on
local environment.
Program Operations If gathering near ce nter of operations, large gatherings could
lead to disruption in operations in affected areas .
Responders May experience increased calls of service, potentially dealing
with heavy traffic and slowing response time .
COOP If gathering near center of operations, large gatherings could
lead to disruption to the COOP in affected areas .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Influx of people may overtax local facilities, roads, and
resources, if not prepared .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
How the County responds with security and response to any
emergency may determine the public's confidence .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for mass gatherings include:
• Air monitoring equipment
• CCTV / Mesh Camera networks
• Drone detection equipment / technology
• Electronic signage / Variable message boards
• Incident Action Plan training
• Metal detector / check points
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• Public Education / outreach
• Radiological detectors
• Special event ordinance / rules
• Vehicle barricades for high populated areas
Plans Permitting Procedures
Fusion Center Threat Assessment Bulletin
Incident Action Plan s
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Hazard: Mass Migration/ Repatriation
Probability of Occurrence 6-10 Years
Risk 32%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Pockets of migrant workers in Seminole County remain very low.
These workers are drawn from the local work force and
migrants, if any, are transported into the area on a daily basis to
work in the farmlands of Seminole County.
Location No particular geographic areas in Seminole County .
Significant Occurrences (2010): January – Operation Haiti Relief after an earthquake
brought displaced and some injured people through Orlando
Sanford International Airport.
(2017): Hurricane Maria – mass migration of evacuees from the
island of Puerto Rico to the Central Florida area after the
hurricane. Over 250 families resettled in Seminole County and
over 6,500 in Central Florida.
(2024) In March of 2024, overwhelming gang violence and the
overthrow of the Haitian government caused mass evacuations
of American citizens from Haiti back to the United States. The
FDEM first selected the OSIA as the reception point and one
flight was received.
Spatial Extent - this hazard would affect less than 25% of the
geographical area
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of mass migration and repatriation in
Seminole County and its jurisdictions is low. While lack of
housing and community resources could be a concern with mass
migration, due to the low probability and lack of physical
impacts, Seminole County is not very vulner able to this hazard.
While it’s possible people migrating into the county may choose
a more urban area to move to, each jurisdictions is equally
vulnerable to this possibility.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
As population centers grow due to changes in land use , an influx
of displaced persons from disasters, conflicts, or economic
instability can strain local infrastructure, social services, and
emergency response capacity, complicating repatriation and
relocation efforts.
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Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Possible increases in crime rate, civil disturbances may increase .
Property Low Impact
Mass migration could potentially impact.
Economic Low Impact
Increase demands of deliverable goods and increased crime in
affected areas could affect local economy.
Environment Massive increase in population could strain the environment.
Program Operations Increased population could lead to civil unrest which may affect
operations.
Responders Could be increased calls to service and need for additional
personnel to handle influx of population .
COOP Civil unrest could lead to disruption to COOP in affected areas .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Depending on type and scale of event, some local facilities and
infrastructure could be stressed or overtaxed .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The coordination of services provided and assimilation of
migrants may affect confidence of the public.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Potential mitigation projects include:
• Affordable work force housing
• Diverse employment / career development
• Homeless sheltering – expansion / services
• Public Education / outreach
• Sheltering mitigation / retrofit
Plans Repatriation Annex to the CEMP
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Figure P: Climate migration estimates inside the United States
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Hazard: Severe Weather
(Hail, Lightning, Micro -Bursts, Thunderstorms)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 57%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Severe weather is defined as any meteorological event that
poses a risk to life, property, social disruption, and/or requires
the intervention of authorities.
Hail: Hail is a form of solid precipitation consisting of balls or
irregular lumps of ice .5 millimeters or larger that form during
certain thunderstorm conditions.
Hail Extent: 2.5in - tennis ball (NOAA Hail Conversions) (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
Lightning: Lightning is the electrostatic discharge of atmospheric
electricity, characterized by flashes that can travel within a
thundercloud, between clouds, or from a cloud to the surface of
the e arth; lightning is usually accompanied by audible thunder.
Lightning Extent: 17+ flashes/sq km/yr (Cloud to Ground flash
Density) (NWS, 2019)
Micro-burst: A micro-burst is a violent, short-lived, localized
column of sinking air caused by an intense downdraft, creating
extreme wind shears at lower altitudes; usually associated with
thunderstorms. A micro-burst can present wind gust/bursts
between 50-70mph but can reach as high at 115mph.
Micro-burst Extent: 90mph wind gusts
Thunderstorms: Thunderstorms are formed by the convection
behavior of unstable air mass layers, which result in the
meteorological effects of wind, heavy rainfall, lightning and
thunder, and sometimes hail.
Extent Hail: Small hail up to 2.5” – Tennis ball (NOAA Hail Conversions)
Lightning: Direct strike, 2 fatalities, 25 injuries
Micro-burst: Up to 90mph wind gusts
Thunderstorms: Tornadoes (EF1- EF3), Flooding Rain (15” in
24hrs, 18.5” in 48hrs, 20.2” in 72hrs)
Location Severe weather may take place in any geographic region of
Seminole County.
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Significant Occurrences (1992): March 6 – A severe thunderstorm moved southeast
across southwestern Seminole County producing hail the size of
golf balls, damages around $300,000.
(2011): March 30-31 – Winter Park storms caused widespread
power outages, fallen trees, road floodin g, and damage to
homes.
(2013): July 27 – Micro-burst near Sanford Airport- one slightly
damaged building, carts blown across property .
(2018): October 8 – Severe wind and thunderstorms caused boat
to capsize on Lake Monroe carrying two men, one deceased a nd
the other sent to hospital.
(2020) May 21 - Severe thunderstorms produced large hail
across Seminole County. Hail was reported to be up to 3”
diameters (largest hail size ever in this area).
(2021) Sep. 19 - Between 4-6 inches of rain fell in northern
Seminole County. Storm stayed overhead for 2 hours and caused
flash flooding. Standing water was as deep as 2 feet. Several
homes in Downtown Sanford reported 2-3” of water inside.
(2022) Mar. 16 - Storms produced up to 2” hail in Lake Mary and
Longwood.
(2022) May 21 - Storms produced up to 1.25” hail in Oviedo and
Sanford.
Spatial Extent – This hazard could impact greater than 50% of
the county and in extreme cases cause county-wide effects.
Overall Vulnerability Vulnerability to severe weather is medium due to its frequency
in nature combined with our ability to monitor and predict when
severe weather will impact Seminole County and its
jurisdictions. While severe weather can have damaging effects
on people and property, widespread awareness and lead time
before storms reduces our overall vulnerability to its effects.
Vulnerability to severe weather is consistent throughout all
jurisdictions.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as individuals
within these communities have less access to immediate
resources such as transportation, safe housing, and financial
reserves.
Denser development increases the number of structures and
residents exposed to hazards like thunderstorms, high winds,
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and hail. Poor construction practices and inadequate mitigation
measures can lead to greater damage and economic losses.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Potential for minimal loss of life and injuries and would likely
impact all jurisdictions within Seminole County .
May require shelter operations, potential impact on mental and
physical health.
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Severe Weather.
Property Moderate Impact
Severe weather can cause utility outages and potentially major
damage to buildings from wind, fires caused by lightning, and
potential threat to aviation property.
Economic Moderate Impact
Depending on type of hazard and specific event, there could be
damage to certain buildings, etc.
Environment Environmental tolerances can be overwhelmed by hazards
associated with severe weather.
Debris and hazardous materials could be released into the
environment.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from severe weather and that future
mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this hazard
should be considered.
Program Operations Dangerous weather conditions may cause difficulty in
responders’ ability to travel.
Loss of power may impact system operations and or
communications.
Responders Protective actions required, PPE required for safety in
addressing downed utility line s, hazardous materials, and debris.
Status of responder's family may affect responder's ability to
perform his/her duties .
COOP Only in extreme situations of damage would relocation be
necessary; communication and utilities may be impacted .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Possible utility outages and transpo rtation infrastructure
closures; damage to property and buildings in general is possible
in all jurisdictions within Seminole County .
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Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Residents affected by severe weather can look to local first
responders and insurance companies to as sist with damages.
OEM responds to all reported severe weather events and
coordinates messaging with the National Weather Service to
alert residents of pending severe weather.
Risk Reduction Through
Figure
Q:
Number
of lightning strikes in United States (by County)
Mitigation Mitigation projects to include :
• Lightning De tection Warning System
• Public Education / outreach
• Public Information and Warning
• Strengthen critical infrastructures / retrofit
• SkyWarn certification
• Wind retrofit / protection
Plans Emergency Alert and Warning Systems Operations Annex to the
CEMP
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP)
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Hazard: Sinkholes/ Land Subsidence
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 33%
Relative Risk Medium
Description A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground brought about
by one of the various forms of erosion beneath the earth,
causing a collapse of the surface layer.
Seminole County is susceptible to sinkhole and subsidence
conditions be cause it is underlain by thick carbonate deposits
that are susceptible to dissolution by circulating ground water.
Florida’s principal source of freshwater, ground water, moves
into and out of storage in the carbonate aquifers – some of the
most productive in the nation. Development of these ground
water resources for municipal, industrial and agricultural water
supplies creates regional ground water level declines that play a
role in accelerating sinkhole formation, thereby increasing
susceptibility of the aquifers to contamination from surface
water drainage. Such interactions between surface -water and
ground-water resources in Florida play a critical and complex
role in the long-term management of water resources and
ecosystems of Florida’s wetlands. Thes e conditions are
monitored, but if the occurrence occurs on private property, it is
the citizen’s responsibility to repair the damage. If the condition
exists on public property, the designated public works
department will take control of the situation.
Extent Average size: 3-4 ft. wide and 4-5 ft. deep. Could be up to 30 ft.
deep in extreme cases.
Location Sinkholes could occur in any area of Seminole County, but would
be small in impact area.
Significant Occurrences 130 sinkholes/land subsidence in the county since 1962. They
are a common, naturally occurring geological phenomenon.
(2002): 50 foot wide and 30 foot deep sinkhole opened up in
Sanford destroying a barn and swallowing two horses. Much of
the damaged was caused by ground water filling th e hole
rapidly. No damage was reported to the res idential structure of
the home.
(2012): In December, a 25 foot deep sinkhole in Lake Mary
threatened a home causing the homeowners to evacuate. The
City of Lake Mary deemed the home unsafe, however, the
repairs to the home were covered by the homeowner’s
insurance with the claim totaling over $300,000. Majo r repairs
noted were to major cracks in the structure.
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(2014): In February, a 6 foot deep, and 5 foot wide hole on the
Rock Lake Middle School in Longwood opened up causing no
structural damage. Physical education classes were cancelled
due to its location but the school operations were not impacted.
Since then, the hole was filled with dirt and a fence erected
around it to prevent further damage.
(2015): In January, a land subsidence event occurred in Geneva
in which firefighters rescued a dog who was 75% trapped in the
hole. There was no official confirmation if the depression was
actually a sinkhole, however, the dog was rescued and
administered oxygen. The dog was transported to a local animal
hospital and made a full recovery.
(2016): In July, a sinkhole was reported by the Department of
Environmental Protection in the C ity of Oviedo. The sinkhole was
4 feet deep and 7 feet in length. The location consists mainly of
in cohesive and permeable sand.
(2017): In mid-January of 2017, Seminole County Fire
Department responded to a sink hole in Longwood. The sink
hole was 3 feet deep with a 4-inch width and a circular shape.
(2019) October 19th – Approximate 20x30 ft wide and 20 ft deep
sinkhole formed at the Royal Arms Condominiums on Orange
Drive causing 16 units to evacuate.
(2021) Sept. 20- Heavy rain caused an old stormwater culvert
along East 1st St. to collapse, causing a sinkhole. Sanford city
crews closed a portion of Fort Mellon Park to fill the sinkhole in.
Spatial Extent- localized incidents that affect less than 25% of
the total land mass of the county .
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability to sinkholes in Seminole County is
medium. While sinkholes generally affect a small area of land or
property, they can happen within any jurisdiction of the county
and with no notice. With little to no prevention activities
available, it is difficult to reduce the vulnerability of sinkholes.
While sinkholes are more common in the western part of the
county in Altamonte Springs and Longwood, all jurisdictions are
vulnerable.
As Seminole County and its jurisdictions experience continued
population growth, increasing land development and water
consumption can contribute to sinkhole formation . Underserved
communities, which may have fewer resources for property
maintenance and mitigation, are disproportionately affected
when sinkholes damage homes, disrupt transportation routes, or
contaminate water supplies.
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Extensive construction can destabilize underlying limestone
formations, increasing the likelihood of sinkhole formation. Land
development in high -risk zones elevates potential property
damage and infrastructure failures.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
Sinkholes serve as a low impact to the general public outside of
the immediate area.
Risk to contaminated drinking water is possible when sinkhole
encroaches on aquifer.
Property Low Impact
Any property impact is isolated to home or businesses affected;
could be costly to repair to the individual.
Economic Low Impact
A localized sinkhole or land subsidence event would have a very
limited impact on services.
Environment Sinkholes can affect the environment by threatening water
supplies by draining water from streams, lakes, and wetlands
directly into the aquifer; this could affect wildlife habitats .
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from sinkholes/land subsidence and that
future mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this
hazard should be considered.
Program Operations Due to the isolated nature of sinkholes program operations
should not be affected .
Responders Due to the isolated nature of sinkholes responders should not be
affected.
COOP Due to the isolated nature of sinkholes the COOP should not be
affected.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Isolated sinkholes could impact critical facilities, transportation
infrastructure, and private property .
Sinkholes/ land s ubsidence events can affect the infrastructure
by draining unfiltered water from streams, lakes and protected
wetlands into the aquifer. These impacts can be felt in any of the
jurisdictions of Seminole County, but are most common in the
western unincorporated areas, and the cities of Longwood and
Altamonte Springs.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Residents affected by sinkholes may look to first responders and
insurance companies for assistance. OEM may respond to
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74
reported sinkholes/land subsidence events to perform a site
survey and take photos for documentation.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for sinkholes include:
• Promote insurance to include sinkhole coverage
• Public Education / outreach
• Subsidence -proof construction design
Plans Sinkhole Land Subsidence Response Operations Annex to CEMP
Figure R: Sinkholes and Subsidence in Seminole
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Hazard: Structural Integrity/ Collapse (Fires, Aging Infrastructure)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 38%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Structural integrity concerns related to fires and aging
infrastructure represent a significant hazard for Seminole
County. This hazard encompasses the risks posed by the natural
aging process of buildings and infrastructure, compounded by
the increased susceptibility to fires. As buildings and
infrastructure age, they often suffer from material degradation
and outdated construction practices, which can lead to reduced
structural strength and stability. This deterioration can be
further exacerbated by environmental factors, such as the hot
and humid climate of Florida, which can accelerate wear and
tear.
In many communities throughout the County , a considerable
portion of the building stock may be decades old, having been
constructed during periods of rapid development with materials
and standards that may no longer be considered safe by today’s
codes. This aging infrastructure not only poses a risk under
normal conditions but becomes particularly hazardous in the
event of a fire. Fires in aging buildings can spread more quickly
and cause more extensive damage due to the presence of
combustible materials and the lack of modern fire suppression
systems.
This hazard is critical for Seminole County due to its unique
geographic and demographic factors. The county's growth over
the past several decades has resulted in a mix of older structures
in established neighborhood s and new developments. The older
neighborhoods often consist of buildings that have not been
retrofitted to meet current building codes, making them more
vulnerable to structural failure during a fire.
Furthermore, Florida's climate presents additional challenges.
The high humidity and frequent exposure to tropical storms and
hurricanes can accelerate the deterioration of building
materials, leading to weakened structures.
Extent Varied in relation to size of structure.
Location Compromised structures caused by aged infrastructure or fires
can occur anywhere in the County.
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Significant Occurrences (2021) June, Champlain Towers South, a 12-story beachfront
condominium in the Miami suburb of Surfside, partially
collapsed, causing the deaths of 98 people. Four people were
rescued from the rubble, but one died of injuries shortly after
arriving at the hospital. Eleven others were injured.
Approximately thirty-five were rescued the same day from the
un-collapsed portion of the building, which was demolished ten
days later.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability to structural integrity/collapses is
medium. Structural integrity and collapse, particularly due to fire
damage, represent a fre quent hazard with potential effects on
infrastructure and human life. Fires can weaken structural
components, leading to partial or total collapse of buildings. The
impact of large -scale or multi-unit fires may include the
potential loss of life, serious injuries, or displacement of
residents and businesses. The frequency in which they occur will
trend downwards as more effective building codes are
implemented, and structures are retrofitted/rebuilt following a
collapse. Structural collapses will also have a low spatial impact
as, for the most part, these incidents primarily affect individuals
or small groups of people. The presence of insurance can
mitigate a large portion of financial burden on affected
individual(s).
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as aging
infrastructure and older buildings are less resilient to high winds.
Additionally, the infrastructure is more likely to have outdated
fire suppression systems and are more suscep tible to electrical
issues.
The risk of structural integrity failure or collapse is more closely
related to construction standards, maintenance practices, and
engineering safety measures than to the amount or type of land
development. Well-planned development that adheres to
building codes can actually reduce the risk of structural issues.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Low Impact
Despite this hazard occurring every 1-5 years, death and injury
associated with a majority of these incidents remain relatively
low.
Property Medium Impact
Older structures are most vulnerable and can potentially lead to
high financial burden for individuals, but this hazard is much less
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present in newer structures with more up -to-date building
regulations.
Economic Low Impact
Incident occurrences minimally impact the economy. Older
structures are most vulnerable and can potentially lead to high
financial burden for individuals.
Environment The environment would not be affected by this hazard.
Program Operations There would be minimal impact to program operations due to
structural collapses unless the collapses occur at an operational
structure.
Responders Although there is an objective presence of risk associated with
structural collapse response, there are policies and procedures
aimed at mitigating the risk.
COOP There would be minimal impact to COOP due to structural
collapse
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Structural collapses could impact critical facilities, transportation
infrastructure, and private property. However, critical facilities
and important infrastructure are gene rally built to be more
resilient than private property structures.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Residents affected by sinkholes may look to first responders and
insurance companies for assistance. OEM may respond to
reported sinkholes/land subsidence events to perform a site
survey and take photos for documentation.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for structural collapses/integrity include:
• Building Code Enforcement and Updates
• Public Education / outreach
• Fire Prevention Measures
• Retrofitting and Upgrading
• Regular Inspections and Maintenance
• Community Involvement
• Specialized Response Teams
Plans COOP
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Figure S: Structure fire statistics in Seminole County (2020 – 2024)
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Hazard: Tornadoes
Probability of Occurrence 6-10 Years
Risk 32%
Relative Risk Medium
Description A tornado is a mobile vortex of violently rotating winds,
extending downward from the cloud base and advancing in front
of a storm front; they are made visible by vaporized moisture
and debris.
Florida is the state that experiences the most number of
tornadoes per square mile. Florida had an average of 55
tornadoes per year since 1961, with an average of four fatalities
per year. Florida tornadoes are generally short in duration and
have a narrower path. Because of the unpredictable pattern of
storms and tornadoes and the relatively high reoccurrence
frequency, all of the s tate, including Seminole County is
vulnerable to damage. As the number of structures and people
increase, the potential damage and injury rates increase. Mobile
and modular homes, poorly constructed and su bstandard
housing apartment complexes, and low rent housing projects
are extremely susceptible to damage and destruction.
Extent The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale categorizes tornadoes based on
estimated wind speeds and the damage they cause. The six EF
ratings and their corresponding wind speeds are the following:
EF0 (65-85 mph), EF1 (86-110 mph), EF2 (111-135 mph), EF3
(136-165 mph), EF4 (166-200 mph), EF5 (over 200 mph).
Location Tornadoes may affect any area of Seminole County.
Significant Occurrences (1966): April 4 – Central Florida experienced its largest tornado
on record. An EF4 tornado hit Seminole County killing 11 and
injuring 530 people.
(1998): February 22 – EF 3 tornado struck Seminole County and
caused $31 million dollars in damages. This is the deadliest in
recorded history through the State of Florida.
(2006): November 7 – Election Day tornado damaged over 30
homes and destroyed two. This tornado was in the Aloma/State
Road 417 area just outside the Oviedo city limits.
(2009): February 2 – Ground Hog Day Tornado. While most of
the damage from this event was in Lake and Volusia counties,
the tornadoes sparked the discussion of tornado sirens. The City
of Oviedo elected to purchase these outdoor warning devices.
Seminole County elected to provide an electronic text, voice, e -
mail notification system which would be called “Alert Seminole”.
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(2009): May 19 – Casselberry Tornado. An EF0 tornado touched
down briefly (0.8 mile track) and removed the roofs from a
single family home and mobile home. Portions of the roofs and
other debris were carried downstream, with large metal pieces
deposited in trees. Another 8 homes sustained minor damage.
(2019): January 24 – EF0 tornado hit Sanford peaking at 85 MPH
winds, property damage estimated $1.38 M
Since 1966, Seminole County has been affected by a total of 28
tornado events that have caused significant damage across the
county. Due to the impact to physical property, the possibility of
death or injury, and the likelihood of interruption of economic
services to the community, a tornado event is rated high on a
threat level when compared to other ha zards.
(2024): October 8-9 – At least 46 confirmed tornadoes touched
down in Florida ahead of Hurricane Milton, during a prolific
tornado outbreak that occurred between October 8–9, focused
on the Florida Heartland, the Treasure Coast and the Space
Coast. This became the largest single day of tornadoes in state
history.
Spatial Extent - Tornadoes are usually very isolated and would
impact less than 25% of the geographically area of the county
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of tornadoes is high, especially with the
increased rate of growth within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions. Increased populations causes new development
and a larger impact area for tornadoes to cause damage. More
densely populated areas such as Altamonte Springs and Sanford
are more vulnerable than loosely populated areas such as the
eastern part of unincorporated Seminole County. Buildings not
built to withstand high winds are vulnerable to even the weakest
of tornadoes. The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy
identifies opportunities for critical infrastructure and other
buildings to be retrofitted to reduce their vulnerability to
tornadoes.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within t he
county and its jurisdictions.
Expanding urban and suburban development increases the
number of structures and people at risk from tornadoes. Weak
building construction, particularly in mobile home communities,
amplifies vulnerability to high winds.
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Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Extent of impact can highly vary as tornadoes can touchdown
within the county, but completely miss any structures or people.
Direct impact with a tornado can potentially lead to high impact.
Property Moderate Impact
Extent of impact can highly vary as tornadoes can touchdown
within the county, but completely miss any structures or people.
Direct impact with a tornado can potentially lead to high impact.
Economic Moderate Impact
A tornado can have a large economic impact to the community.
Tornado events are typically very costly to recover from and can
impact the ability for the community to reopen businesses.
Environment Mainly isolated in nature but can harm or kill various plant and
animals and debris and hazardous materials could be released
into the environment.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from tornadoes and that futu re
mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this hazard
should be considered.
Program Operations Agencies may be forced to relocate if tornado is threatening the
area. Operations could be stalled by transportation and
communication barriers.
Responders Immediate response can be stalled because of dangerous
weather conditions; proper personal protective equipment may
be needed as well.
COOP Possible impact to COOP. Agencies may be forced to relocate to
continue essential operations as a result of the impact from
tornadoes.
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Tornadoes can cause massive failure s in electrical,
communications, and other critical infrastructures .
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Timely warning provided by local forecasters and emergency
management will be critical along with response and r ecovery
efforts taken by county agencies.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for tornadoes include :
• Construction hardening ordinances / rules
• Emergency / reverse calling systems
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• Emergency tornado shelter
• Public education / outreach
• Sky Warn certification
• Wind retrofitting critical infrastructures
Plans Emergency Alert and Warning Systems Operations Annex to the
CEMP
Figure T: Tornado tracks from 1950-2022 in Seminole County
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Hazard: Transportation Disruption
(Aircraft, Rail, Mass Casualty Incident)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 43%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Seminole County has three (3) small air strips on the east side of
Seminole County in Geneva, Lake Harney area, and Chuluota
capable of landing a small aircraft (i.e. Cessna). In addition,
many small planes use lakes as landing and take -off locations,
including Prairie Lake (Altamonte Springs), Lake Jessup (Winter
Springs), and various other large bodies of water. The largest
airport in Seminole County is an international airport inside the
City of Sanford.
The Orlando Sanford International Airport (SFB) is situated on
approximately 2,000 acres in the boundaries of the City of
Sanford in the northwestern section of Seminole County. The
Sanford Airport Authority is responsible for the operation,
maintenance, and development of the SFB airstrips. In the year
2017, the SFB statistics included 307,064 landings and takeoffs;
196 imports and 136 exports of cargo; and 2,922,446 passenger
arrivals and departures.
Rail systems are another major transportation method within
Seminole County. The addition of the Central Florida Rail
Corridor (CFRC) Transit System provides new vulnerabilities for
major transportation of persons through the community.
SunRail began operations in 2014 with stations in DeBary,
Sanford, Lake Mary, Longwood, Altamonte Springs, Maitland,
Winter Park, Florida Hospital, LYNX Central Station, Church
Street, Orlando Health/Amtrak and Sand Lake Road.
The SunRail became fully operational in 2016 and there are now
seventeen train stations along the 61 mile CRFC Corridor. The
Amtrak Auto Train takes passengers and their vehicles nonstop
from Sanford, Florida to the Washington, DC area. In addition to
SunRail and the Amtrak Auto Train, Amtrak provides major
transportation of customers through the center portions of
Seminole County.
Location No particular geographic area in Se minole County.
Significant Occurrences (2003): April 5 - Students and chaperones from Maryland High
School in Baltimore, MD were thrown from their seats as buses
slammed into one another on Interstate 4 in the City of Sanford .
Of the 118 people on the three buses -- 94 students, 21
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chaperones and 3 drivers -- half were injured. They suffered an
assortment of cuts and bruises.
(2017) April 8 - A Piper PA -12 aircraft crashed shortly after
takeoff, along the grassy north side of Runway 9R at Sanford
International Airport. The pilot died, but there were no other
fatalities.
(2017) Decembe r 8 - A Connection900 BE-9L aircraft carrying
three passengers crashed into the southeast side of the lake,
near Lake Harney Woods Boulevard and Morgan Alderman Rd.
All three passengers and the pilot died.
(2022) April 6 - A SunRail train carrying six passengers collided
with a dump truck at S. Country Club Rd. and W. Lake Mary Blvd.
There were no injuries and no fuel leakage.
(2022) December 19 - A SunRail train collided with a pickup truck
along Old Lake Mary Road. No injuries on the train, but the truc k
driver was killed.
(2023) September 12 - SunRail train hit and killed a person
between the Lake Mary and Sanford stations.
Spatial Extent - accidents are very isolated in nature and would
affect less than 25% of the geographical area of the county
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of transportation accidents is medium
within Seminole County and its jurisdictions. Humans are very
vulnerable to transportation accidents especially in high traffic
areas or incidents of large entities such as trains or airplanes
where hundreds of lives are affected. While transportation
incidents do not typically affect many physical buildings,
infrastructure such as roadways and train tracks can be greatly
affected or shut down completely. Jurisdictions with major
highways such as I-4 and SR417; including Altamonte Springs,
Lake Mary, unincorporated Seminole County, Oviedo, Winter
Springs, and Sanford are more vulnerable to transportation
accidents. Jurisdictions with active rail systems including
Altamonte Springs, Longwood, Lake Mary, Sanford, and
unincorporated Seminole County are vulnerable to rail
accidents. The City of Sanford is most vulnerable to an aircraft
accident because of the location of the Orlando Sanford
International Airport. As more transportation infrastructure is
built, i.e. express ways, additional lanes, and truck stops, the risk
of this hazard increases.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy re cognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
New development leads to increased traffic, greater reliance on
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transportation networks, and expansion of critical infrastructure.
Congested roads, inadequate evacuation routes, and aging
bridges heighten susceptibility to disruptions from accidents,
natural disasters, or other emergencies.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Depending on type of accident, major injuries and mass
casualties are possible, especially with aircraft and trains.
Property Low Impact
Depending on nature and scale of accident, isolated property
damage could occur.
Economic Moderate Impact
Isolated accidents do not pose major threats to the economy,
though depending on the type and scale of the accident and
areas impacted, the cost to repair and recover could be
expensive.
Environment This hazard would predominately be isolated from the
environment unless in the extreme case a fire is started in a
vulnerable wildfire area.
Program Operations Program operations can remain stable regardless of the impact
of this hazard.
Responders Responders would require appropriate personal protective
equipment; personnel may need support if a mass casualty
incident occurs.
COOP Impacts to COOP would likely be minimal because the isolated
nature of a transportation accident .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Isolated property and critical facilities and tran sportation
infrastructure could be shut down or impacted depending on
nature, scale, and location of event.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public confidence is related to the overall response to a major
traffic accident on the part of the County's responders .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for transportations accidents include :
• Emergency alerting systems / signage
• Installation of train track safety signage
• Promote insurance to residents
• Public education / outreach
• Use of autonomous vehicles in State of Florida
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Plans Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Figure U: The completion of the beltway around the Orlando Metropolitan area. The Wekiva Parkway will link to
State Road 429 (west beltway) and State Road 417 (east beltway) in Heathrow/Lake Mary.
Source: Wekiva Parkway, CFX, FDOT
Figure V: The SunRail stations (the metro-train through the center of the Metropolitan area)
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Figure W: Train Accident occurrence separated by county.
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Hazard: Tropical Cyclones
(Hurricanes and Tropical Storms)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 71%
Relative Risk High
Description A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system
characterized by a low -pressure center, strong winds, and a
spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.
Depending on their size, sustained wind speeds, and location
they can be referred to as:
Tropical Storms: A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with an
organized system of strong thunderstorms, defined surface
circulation, and maximum sustained winds of 39-73 miles per
hour. Storms with wind speeds be low 39 mph are considered
tropical depressions.
Hurricanes: A hurricane is a tropical cyclone with sustained wind
of forces equal to or exceeding or 74 mph, most often occurring
in the Western Atlantic and usually accompanied by rain,
thunder, and lightning. Hurricanes are categorized using Saffir -
Simpson scale, which measures sustained wind speeds over a 1
minute average and at 33ft above the surface. The categories
are:
Category 1: Sustained wind speeds of 74-95 mph
Category 2: Sustained wind speeds of 96-110 mph
Category 3: Sustained wind sp eeds of 111-129 mph
Category 4: Sustained wind speeds of 130-156 mph
Category 5: Sustained wind speeds of 157 mph or higher
Note: Categories three and above are considered major
hurricanes.
Extent Ranging from a Tropical Storm to the effects of a Category 5
Hurricane (Saffir-Simpson Scale)
Location Because of the nature and size of these storms, they could affect
any part of Seminole County and would likely impact the whole
county.
Significant Occurrences (2004): Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne - Local State of
Emergency declared, Cou nty offices and schools closed.
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(2005): Wilma - flooding rains, etc.
(2008): Tropical Storm Fay - major flooding from torrential rains .
(2016): Hurricane Matthew - tropical storm force winds and
heavy rain.
(2017): Hurricane Irma - damages recorded include
infrastructure damage, debris, hazardous materials, flooded
areas and road damage .
(2022): Hurricane Ian - Some wind damage and historic flooding
on St. John’s and Little Wekiva rivers.
(2022): Hurricane Nicole - Caused St. Johns River to swell, which
increased flooding threats in Sanford and Geneva. High winds
caused several tornado threats.
(2023): Hurricane Idalia - Some power outages, a couple of
downed trees, and a small depression on Maitland Ave.
Spatial Extent - Tropical cyclones can have far reaching effects
and would impact the entire county .
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of tropical cyclones is high within all
jurisdictions of Seminole County . The possibility of harm to
humans, high property damage, and potential infrastructure
losses all combine to make tropical cyclones on e of the highest
threat hazards. Seminole County is vulnerable to tropical
cyclones to a similar level in all jurisdictions because of the
spatial extent of a hurricane or tropical storm. The Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy works to protect critical
infrastructure in order to reduce the vulnerability of the
community.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as individuals
within these communities have less access to immediate
resources such as transportation, safe housing, and financial
reserves.
Land development increases vulnerability to tropical cyclones by
expanding impervious surfaces, which worsens flooding from
heavy rainfall. As infrastructure and population grow, more
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buildings, utilities, and transportation networks are exposed to
high winds, tornadoes, and prolonged power outages.
Inadequate stormwater management and insufficient building
standards can further amplify the impacts of tropical cyclones on
the community.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Depending on the strength of the storm, evacuations of low -
lying areas and mobile/ manufactured homes may be called – in
most recent storms, mandatory evacuations have been ordered
for these areas .
Food and water issues may arise if residents are unprepared and
injuries and fatalities possible, most likely due to flooding .
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Tropical Cyclones.
Prope rty High Impact
Depending on strength of the storm, structural damage to
residential, commercial, industrial, and governmental buildings
could be major. In Hurricane Irma, Seminole County and its
jurisdictions received damage to roads, bridges, parks facilities,
and water control facilities such as culverts.
Economic High Impact
Depending on strength of the storm, low to high impacts could
be felt within the path of the storm on all business sectors.
Regional impacts could be greater with a catastrophic storm.
Environment Depending on strength of the storm, trees and shrubbery could
sustain major damage.
Transportation of foreign debris and flooding can disrupt
ecosystem services.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that with
a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from tropical cyclones and that future
mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this hazard
should be considered.
Program Operations If damage to government offices occurs, relocation may be
needed.
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Responders Difficulty responding during event due to dangerous weather
conditions; staff may experience fatigue and stress during
hazardous conditions, and status of responders’ family may
affect the responders’ ability to perform his/her duties .
COOP The COOP may be disrupted depending on strength of storm .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Depending on strength of the storm, structural damage to
residential, commercial, industrial, and governmental buildings
could be major.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The public's confidence is related to how well services are ke pt
online, proper warning information, and ability to respond to
various hazards associated with tropical cyclones .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for tropical cyclones include :
• Clear waterways of obstructions
• Demolition of Severe Repetitive Loss properties
• Electrical system – landscape clearing
• Elevation of structures above Base Flood Elevation
• Elimination of flooding of commercial buildings by structure
modifications
• Enhancements of storm water systems (grey infrastructure)
• Floodplain and stream restoration
• Floodplain Ordinances
• Low impact development
• Public Education / Outreach
• Reconstruction and raising elevation of streets
• Redundant power systems to critical infrastructures
• SkyWarn certification
• Water retention, green space preservation, green
infrastructure
• Wind and screen protection at shelters & critical
infrastructures.
Plans Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Emergency Alert and Warning Systems Operations Annex
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Hazard: Violent Acts (Non-Terrorism)
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 43%
Relative Risk Medium
Description Acts of violence in America are a legitimate hazard to
communities and municipalities across America. Since the 1990s
shootings in public schools, recreation al parks, movie theatres,
and college campuses have increased in both frequency of
incidents and number of fatalities. Violent act hazards are not
concentrated to a particular region or locale. Shootings,
stabbings and other violent acts can take place anywhere in the
country and are highly unpredictable. Perpetrators of violent
acts do not have an age nda, do not have a target group in mind
and do not have a purpose or mission to be accomplished.
Unlike terrorist groups, perpetrators of violent acts are not
organized and are very difficult to spot because perpetrators are
largely ignored or go unnoticed . Violent acts negatively impact
neighborhoods and communities because shootings and
fatalities occur to members of younger population
demographics (ages 5 to 30).
Location All of Seminole County
Significant Occurrences (2022) January 19 - Student shot in Seminole High School. He
received a fractured wrist, nerve damage, and psychological
trauma. No fatalities.
(2023) January 16 - Shooting at Rinehart Road, CR-46A near
Sanford. One fatality and five injuries.
Spatial Extent - Event would be highly isolated in nature and
would impact less than 25% of the geographic area of the
county.
Overall Vulnerability The overall vulnerability of people, systems, and buildings within
Seminole County and its jurisdictions is medium. Even with
spe cialized equipment, teams and training for these type of
events, soft targets and mass gatherings continue to be
vulnerable targets for v iolent acts. First responders work to
reduce the vulnerability of large events by implementing
security checkpoints, ve hicle barricades and other safety
measures. However, violent acts can occur anywhere and with
no notice. Buildings, infrastructure, and systems within Seminole
County are not very vulnerable to violent acts. Although a
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violent act can happen anywhere, the cities of Altamonte
Springs and Sanford may be more vulnerable to attacks due to
their large number of outside public events.
Land use development does not directly influence the risk of
violent acts. The likelihood of violent incidents is more related t o
social, economic, and psychological factors within a community,
rather than the physical development or urbanization of the
area.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human High Impact
Violent acts can cause mass injuries/casualties depending on
nature and scale of act.
Mental and emotional stress can also be heightened .
Property Low Impact
Non-terrorist violent acts typically do not target or impact
property specifically, and if so, damage would likely be minimal.
Economic Low impact
Any violent act would have minimal effects on local economy
Environment There is low probability that the environment would be
impacted from a violent act unless it is an intentional fire .
Program Operations Unless an act directly impacts government personnel or
buildings, the impacts would be minimal.
Responders Would require necessary personal protective equipment
depending on nature and scale of situation.
Status of responders’ family may affect the responders’ ability to
perform his/her duties.
COOP The COOP would largely be unaffected by a non -terrorist violent
act, depending on the act .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Impacts would be isolated to facilities directly related to a
violent act and some transportation infrastructure could be
disrupted during response to a security threat.
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Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
Public's confidence would be dependent upon the ability of the
County to thwart threat, respond to situation , and protect
victims.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for violent acts include :
• Active Shooter Drills
• Active Shooter Training
• Assessment and assistance programs
• Bollards, metal detection equipment, paid security, security
checkpoints, and video surveillance, at critical infrastructures
• Intelligence gathering equipment / systems
• Public education / outreach
• School Resource officers/deputies at all public schools
• Stop the Bleed Training
Plans Active Shooter Response Plan Operations Annex to the CEMP
Family Reunification Center Plan
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Hazard: Wildfires
Probability of Occurrence 1-5 Years
Risk 43%
Relative Risk Medium
Description A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that begins in areas of
combustible vegetation, usually the countryside or a wilderness
area.
Seminole County is susceptible to wildfires throughout the year,
particularly during the months with minimal rainfall amounts.
The major cause of brush fires and forest fires is due to residents
not conforming to burning regulations in effect and not
considering the conditions as they exist (dry or windy
conditions). The Spring is the highest period for lightning -caused
fires fueled by strong spring winds and lack of rainfall during the
same period. In recent years, homes and businesses have been
threatened by encroaching wildfires. The Seminole County
Community Wildfire Protection Plan, an annex to the Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy, provides more in -depth
detail to the wildfire mitigation measures in Seminole County.
Extent 41,636 high risk acres
Location Unincorporated areas in the eastern part of the county,
including the City of Oviedo, and western geographic areas of
Seminole County, including the cities of Longwood and
Altamonte Springs and unincorporated areas of Seminole
County, are at highest risk f or wildfires. However, wildfires could
happen in any jurisdictions of the county.
Significant Occurrences (1998): Summer – 2,000 acres burned in Geneva, 12 residences
destroyed, no fatalities or injuries, about $1.1 million in losses.
(2013): February – wildfire in Wekiva State Preserve consumed
50 acres near Markham Woods, closing of nearby roadways.
(2017): March – Geneva Brush Fire surrounding 338 single family
homes and 14 mobile homes, shelter opened.
(2017): April – Level 3 activation for brush fire at Live Oak
Reserve, 150 mandatory evacuees, shelter opened.
No significant occurrences between 2018-2024.
Spatial Extent - Impact less than 25% of the area within Seminole
County, though the effects of smoke could cover a slightly larger
area.
Overall Vulnerability Overall vulnerability to wildfires is medium. Wildfires can
happen quickly and cause widespread damage. With several
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areas indicated as urban wildland interfaces, rural northwestern
and eastern parts of unincorporated Seminole County are more
vulnerable to wildfires.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions. Furthermore, as the population
continues to increase, as does the need for residential
structures. As a result, more residential structures are being
built in the wildland urban interface subsequently furthering the
risk of this hazard.
Expanding residential and commercial development into
wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas increases the risk of
wildfire ignition and property damage.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Wildfires have the potential to kill or injure people trapped in
burning buildings.
For immediate area, smoke that decreases air quality may
exacerbate respiratory problems, and those with special needs
may require more attention.
Property Moderate Impact
Wildfires can damage or destroy buildings including homes and
businesses.
Economic Low Impact
Potential impact on agricultural industry and insurance industry.
Environment Wildfires can have a detrimental impact to wildlife and
vegetation in any jurisdiction where wildfire may occur. For
example, 2,000 acres were burned in the 1998 fire in the
unincorporated area of Geneva.
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency recognizes that with a
changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing risk of
environmental impacts from fires/wildfires and that future
mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this hazard
should be considered.
Program Operations If affected, operations may be relocated or suspended.
Responders Increased exposure to smoke inhalation and high risk to health
and safety of responders.
COOP To continue the COOP, operations may be relocated or
suspended.
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97
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
This hazard could affect transportation and utilities
infrastructure depending on scale and severity. Property may
also be affected.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The public confidence level may depend upon the ability of the
county to contain and respond to the fire threat.
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Types of wildfire mitigation projects in the county include:
• Burn bans
• Cutting fire lines / protective barriers
• Fire resistant construction in urban/wildland interface
• Fire resistant vegetation and landscaping
• Fire shelter for safety of firefighters
• Hazardous wildfire fuel reduction – removal, trimming,
cutting
• Prescribed burns
• Public education (Fire Wise community) – defensible space
• Urban/Wildland Interface Ordinances
Plans Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Prescribed Burning Standard Operating Guideline
Figure X: Wildland Urban Interface intensity spectrum.
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Hazard: Winter Storms/ Freezes
Probability of Occurrence 6-10 Years
Risk 35%
Relative Risk Medium
Description A freeze is when the surface air temperature is expected to be
32°F or below over a widespread area for at least 3 or more
consecutive days. Use of the term is usually restricted to
aversive situations or occasions when wind or other conditions
prevent frost. "Killing" may be used during the growing season
when the temperature is expected to be low enough for a
sufficient duration to kill all but the hardiest herbaceous crops.
Extreme cold can immobilize an entire region. Even areas, such
as Se minole County, that normally experience mild winters can
be hit with an extreme cold winter event. Winter storms can
result in ice, localize d flooding, closed highways, blocked roads,
downed power lines , and hypothermia.
Extent 3 - 10 consecutive days of 32°F or lower
Location Winter Storms/ freezes would impact all of Seminole County .
Significant Occurrences (1989): December- co ld outbreak and hard freeze, temperatures
in the 20s, extensive damage to citrus crop, power blackouts, in
the entire state of Florida, 26 deaths were the result of
hypothermia.
(2018): January- NWS declares Hard Freeze in Seminole County
causing shelters to be opened for relief from the elements .
(2020) Jan. 21-22; Dec. 8-9; Dec. 25-27; weather dropped below
40F. There was a total of 7 days that had weather under 40F.
(2021) Feb. 3-4; weather dropped below 40F. There was a total
of 2 days that had weather under 40F.
(2022) Jan. 23-24; Jan. 29-31; Dec. 23-26; weather dropped
below 40F.
Spatial Extent- Would likely have county -wide consequences
impacting greater than 50% of the geographic area of the
county.
Overall Vulnerability With an overall low vulnerability in all jurisdictions of Seminole
County, winter storms and freezes can cause the most harm in
homeless populations, with approximately 2,000 homeless
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residents across Seminole, Orange, and Osceola counties
reported in 2018. Due to the mild nature of winter storms in
Central Florida, the vulnerability of our infrastructure and
buildings is low.
Due to the steady annual increase in population within Seminole
County the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes
that this hazard has an increased impact to individuals within the
county and its jurisdictions.
Underserved communities within Seminole County and its
jurisdictions are more vulnerable to this hazard as homes within
these communities are typically older hom es with insufficient
HVAC capabilities.
Land use development does not significantly alter the risk of
winter storms or freezes, as these weather events are driven by
regional climate patterns. The risk remains consistent regardless
of the level of urban d evelopment in the area.
Impacts/ Consequences
Human Moderate Impact
Risk of hypothermia and extreme loss of heat if residents are not
prepared for conditions (especially with wind chill factored in).
Due to the increased health risks facing t he special need
population, individuals with special needs are more vulnerable
overall to the impacts of Winter Storms/Freezes.
Property Low Impact
Historically, no major problems for properties in Seminole
County, but in extreme situations electrical outages and
dangerous road conditions are possible . Effects would likely be
uniform across jurisdictions within Seminole County.
Economic Low Impact
Possible impact to agriculture, especially plant and animal
industries within the county .
Environment Damage or loss of susceptible plants and animals .
The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy recognizes that
with a changing climate, there is the potential for an increasing
risk of environmental impacts from winter storms/freezes and
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
100
that future mitigation and adaptation strategies related to this
hazard should be considered.
Program Operations Prolonged severe cold weather pe riods may strain utility
companies.
Responders Extended periods of cold weather increased risk for
hypothermia, fatigue, etc.
COOP Very little to no impact on COOP from a winter storm or freeze
except in the case of power outages .
Property/ Facilities/
Infrastructure
Historically, no major problems for properties in Seminole
County, but in extreme situations electrical outages and
dangerous road conditions are possible.
Major disruption could occur with transportation infrastructure
or damage to critical facilities.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction's Governance
The public's confidence is dependent upon the ability of
responders to provide proper warning, respond to utility
outages, and protect vulnerable populations and infrastructure .
Risk Reduction Through
Mitigation Mitigation projects for winter storms include :
• Agriculture business continuity planning education / training
• Citrus / agriculture heater units
• Personal protective equipment
• Public education / outreach
• Warming centers
Plans Extreme Weather Plan Operations Annex to the CEMP
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Figure Y: Average annual minimum temperature throughout Florida.
Figure Z: Days with lowest temperature recorded being below 40F in Seminole County
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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INCIDENT
PROBABILI
TY
HUMAN
IMPACT
PROPERTY
IMPACT SPATIAL ECONOMIC
IMPACT PREPAREDNESS TRAINING
EXERCISE LOGISTICS RISK
Likelihood
this will
occur
Possibility of
death or injury
Physical losses
and damages
Amount of
Geographic Area
Affected
Interuption of
services Specialized Plans Integrated Preparedness
Planning
Equipment
Teams
Support
Relative threat*
SCORE
1 = 10+
2 = 6-10 yrs
3 = 1-5 yrs
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
1 = Up to 25%
2 = 25-50%
3 = 50 or more
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
1 = Specific Haz Plan /Test
2 = Addressed in other plans
3 = No spec plan for haz
1 = Yearly Training/ Exer.
2 = Every other year
3 = Rarely
trained/exercised
1 = Highly Spec
Teams/Equip
2 = Minimal Equip/Teams
3 = Low or none
0 - 100%
Agriculture 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 48%
Civil Disorder 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 48%
Critical Infrastructure
Disruption 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 57%
Cyber Security 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 62%
Disease Pandemic 3 3 0 3 3 1 1 1 57%
Domestic Security/
Terrorism 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 32%
Drought / Water Shortage 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 67%
Earthquakes 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 22%
Extreme Heat 3 3 0 3 2 1 1 1 52%
Financial Collapse 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 25%
Floods 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 67%
Harmful Algal Bloom 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 43%
Haz Mat / Radiological 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 48%
Mass / Planned Events 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 43%
Mass Migration / Repat 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 32%
Severe Weather 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 57%
Sinkholes/ Land Subsidence 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33%
Structure Integrity/
Collapse 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 38%
Tornadoes 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 32%
Transportation Disruption 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 43%
Tropical Cyclones 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 71%
Violent Acts (Non-Terror)3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 43%
Wildfires 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 43%
Winter Storms/ Freezes 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 35%
*Threat increases with percentage.
LOW 0%-30%MEDIUM 31%-60%HIGH 61% +
VULNERABILITY MITIGATION
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Vulnerability
The Resiliency Working Group has included a multi-layered approach to asse ssing the vulne rability of the
participating jurisdictions to future disaste rs. The various vulne rability asse ssme nts build on the
ide ntification of hazards in the community and the risk that the hazards pose to the community.
Local planners can use the hazard ide ntification and ris k estimation process to prioritiz e the facilities and
neighborhoods that most ne ed to be asse ssed for their spe cific vulne rability, for e xample by beginning with
the jurisdictions e x hibiting the highe st overall re lative risk. Then, for the se jurisdictions, the individual
facilities, systems and neighborhoods of Se minole County are assessed spe cifically f or the e x tent of their
vulne rability to damage or dis ruption by the hazard events identified for the correspondin g jurisdiction, and
the specific impact to the community if this occurre d.
In our jurisdiction, addressing the unique vulnerabilities of underserved communities remains a central tenet
of this plan. Historically, the communities of East Altamonte, Midway, Goldsboro, Jamestown, Bookertown,
and Lincoln Heights have faced disproportionate risks from natural hazards due to social, economic, and
infrastructural challenges. These communities have been actively engaged by various partners within the
Resiliency working group in previous years to identify and address their specific needs. Moving forward, the
LMRS will continue to prioritize these communities, building on past partnerships to implement equitable
strategies that enhance resilience, reduce vulnerabilities, and promote long -term sustainability.
Assessing Vulnerabilities
Repetitive Loss Properties
The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program was created as part of the National Flood Insurance
Reform Act (NFIRA) of 1994 with the goal of reducing or eliminating claims under the N ational Flood
Insurance Program.
Consistent with Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (Pu blic Law 112-141), the FMA Grant
Program changed in FY 2013 to allow more federal funds for properties with repetitive flood claims and
severe repetitive loss properties, and the Repetitive Flood Claims and Severe Re petitive Loss Grant Programs
were eliminated.
The primary objectiv e of the Re petitive Loss Properties Strategy is to e liminate or re duce the damage to
prope rty and the disruption of lif e caused by repe ate d floodin g of the same prope rties. A spe cific target
group of re petitiv e loss prope rties is ide ntified and serviced separately from other NFIP policies by the Spe cial
Direct Facility (SDF). The target group includes e ve ry NFIP-insured prope rty that, since 1978 and regardless
of any change(s) of ownership during that period, has e x pe rie nce d:
o Insured property with at least 2 flood claims where the repairs equaled or exceeded 25% of the
market value of the structure at the time of the flood event.
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o Insured property with flood history of 4 or more separate claims of $5,000 each with cumulative
total exceeding $20,000 or at least 2 claim payments where the cumulative amount of 2 claims
exceeds the market value of the structure.
Although the Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program is federally funded, the program is
administered through a partnersh ip with the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM),
Native American Tribal governments , and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. FDEM has
the authority and responsibility for developing and maintaining a State Mitigation Plan, assisting local
jurisdictions and Native American Tribal governments in developing and maintaining Flood Mitigation
Plans, reviewing Flood Mitigation Assistance Program sub-applications, recommending cost effective
sub-applications to FEMA and providing pass -through grant funds to awarded Flood Mitigation
Assistance Program projects from eligible sub -applicants.
FDEM is also responsible for ensuring that projects funded by the Flood Mitigation Assistance
Program are completed and that all performance and financial reporting requirements are met.
# of Properties
by Type
Seminole
County
Altamonte
Springs
Casselberry Lake
Mary
Longwood Oviedo Sanford Winter
Springs
Residential 38 15 0 0 0 0 7 3
Commercial 2 4 0 0 0 0 2 0
Institutional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Severe
Repetitive Loss
(SRL) Properties
4 (Res.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total # of
Repetitive Loss
Properties
40 19 0 0 0 0 9 3
The actual database of repetitive loss properties will not be provided in this LMRS plan because of
the specific address and personal information associated with the information. However, specific
requests for information may be requested from any of the a ppropriate jurisdictions directly, or
through the NFIP at FEMA.
Through the various outreach methods in each jurisdiction that has repetitive loss properties, an
effort is being made to eliminate or reduce the risks of future flooding to those properties through
various mitigation techniques. Each jurisdiction sends a notice to each owner of a property in a
repetitive loss area, soliciting interest and participation in various potential mitigation grant
programs, and to keep them informed of flood risk an d insurance information.
A Floodplain Management Plan , an annex to the LMRS, is also maintained by the Office of Emergency
Management to further plan for the mitigation and reduction of flood risks in Seminole County and
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105
its municipalities.
Land Use Trends and Potential Loss
The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that the way in which land is utilized, especially land within
known hazard-prone areas, is a key measure of community vulnerability because some land uses,
such as for residential or industrial development, can be more susceptible to disaster -related
damages than othe rs. For the Seminole County mitigation strategy, this analysis is done on a
jurisdiction-specific basis because individual jurisdictions have the most significant planning and legal
control over land use policy.
Within the jurisdictions that have complet ed this analysis, two reports contain information on land
use trends within the jurisdiction:
o Current Land Uses and the Potential for New Developmen t, which identifies the estimated
amount of land still available for new development, as well as summarizi ng the relative extent
of current land u ses.
o Future Land Uses and General Development Trends, which summarize s the jurisdiction’s rate
of development of vacant lands or redevelopment of existing properties, and, if the
jurisdiction has an adopted land use plan, the desired relative extent of planned land uses.
All jurisdictions in Seminole County continue to grow either slightly or rapidly, and all are participants
in the National Flood Insurance Program. The steady increase in population within the county and its
jurisdictions increases the need for both residential and commercial housing to be utilized or
developed. This plan recognizes that the steady increase in population and its subsequent effects can
lead to an increase in certain hazards as detaile d within the hazard profile. These effects are
addressed through the county and its jurisdictions by ensuring that building codes and procedures
associated with building regulations are reviewed and adjusted as needed. This plan addresses the
issues associated with a rapid increase in the population through leveraging operational procedures
detailed in the county’s Repatriation Annex to the CEMP.
The county has made significant progress in addressing vulnerabilities in hazard -prone areas through
a variety of projects. One notable effort is the construction of a hurricane -resistant facility in the City
of Casselberry. This building provides a secure staging area for public works field staff in the northern
part of the city during emergencies, ensuring that essential personnel can continue operations
without disruption. By safeguarding key staff and resources, the city has reduced its overall
vulnerability during severe weather events.
In addition to structural improvements, the county has focused on mitigat ing flood risks through
infrastructure enhancements. The stormwater system for Mullet Lake is a critical project aimed at
managing water flow and reducing the risk of flooding in nearby areas. By improving drainage and
water management capabilities, this p roject significantly lowers the potential for flood -related
damage, particularly in communities that are prone to rising water levels during heavy rains or
storms.
The county has also completed the Oregon Street and Michigan Avenue drainage project, further
addressing flood vulnerabilities. This project improves the drainage capacity of the area, reducing the
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
106
likelihood of water pooling and flooding during significan t rain events. Enhancing the drainage system
in these locations protects both residential and commercial properties, minimizing potential losses
and safeguarding the community from flood hazards.
In addition to these efforts, numerous other mitigation projects continue to be executed, as outlined
in the Mitigation Project Priority List section of this plan. These projects include various flood control
measures, infrastructure retrofits, and ongoing improvements to address vulnerabilities across the
county. Pressure for development into wetland areas continues to be an ongoing issue in the county.
Increasing populations in the past several years have caused an increase in development within
Seminole County and its jurisdictions which can increa se the communities’ vulnerability to flooding
and transportation incidents.
The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that its efforts, particularly to identify the areas of the
participating jurisdictions at risk from various hazards, is a key factor in guiding the careful use of land
to minimize future vulnerabilities to disaster. When needed and desired by a specific jurisdiction,
modifications to the plans, ordinances, codes and similar policies can be proposed as mitigation
initiatives for incorporatio n into this plan. During the update of this plan, the LMRS Planning Team
considered the increasing population, and by extension increased development, when writing the
new goals and objectives. The Goals and Objectives of this plan drive the mitigation ini tiatives that
become the long-term projects of the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy .
Critical Facilities and Infras tructure
Seminole County has conducted an inventory of existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities
located within the hazard areas boundaries. For purpose of this LMRS these include emergency
service facilities, medical facilities, government facilities, schools, emergency/ evacuation shelters,
fire and police stations, emergency operation center, facilities us ed by special needs populations, and
any other facilities identified by the Office of Emergency Management. This critical facilities list aligns
with the critical infrastructure sectors outlines by the Department of Homeland Security and is
updated annually.
The identified potentially at-risk critical facilities and structures for Seminole County are listed in the
Critical Facility and Structure List maintained by Seminole County ’s Office of Emergency
Management. The Seminole County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan contains
additional information in regard to vulnerable existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities.
A 2023 grant through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Resilient Florida
program allowed for a cou ntywide vulnerability assessment (VA) related to flooding and the impacts
to critical assets in the community. This VA will be completed by 2025 and provide a list of gaps of
improvements items for critical facilities. All listed critical facilities will remain open during disaster
operations of all hazards, and prioritization of power restoration is identified on the list. The Critical
Facility and Structure List contains confidential information so therefore is not published with this
plan.
Mitigation Goals
The Resiliency Working Group has established a number of goals and objectives to guide its work in
the development of this plan. The goals and objectives help to focus the efforts of the group in the
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
107
mitigation planning effort to achieve an end result that matches the unique needs, capabilities and
desires of the participating jurisdictions.
The goals are established for both the entire planning area and all of the participa ting jurisdictions.
During the plan update process, a list of suggested goals and objectives selected from the previous
LMRS document was circulated to members of the Resiliency Working Group. The goals selected by
the Resiliency Working Group are related to the broad mitigation needs and capabilities of the
communities involved, rather than addressing a specific hazard type or category. Therefore, the
Seminole County mitigation goals and objectives, by definition, are multi -hazard in scope and can be
described as statements of the desired mitigation-related capabilities which will be present in each
participating jurisdiction in the fu ture , as the goals are achieved.
Community priorities are reflected in the goals and objectives set by the Local Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy and the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group. Community members from
each jurisdiction make up the planning team which came together to r eview and update this plan ,
communicating each jurisdiction’s priorities for the plan moving forward. Priority changes that affect
the goals and objectives come as a result of changes in administration, funding availability, identified
hazards, and recent historical occurrences.
Mitigation Actions
The goals established by the Resiliency Working Group are considered to be broad, general guidance
that define the long-term direction of the planning. Each goal statement has one or mor e objectives
that provide a specific framework for actions to be taken by the Resiliency Working Group and its
participants. The objectives define actions or results to be accomplished by the Resiliency Working
Group and are a reflection of the priorities of the group and other stakeholders . These objectives
were written by the LMRS Planning Team during the planning process.
The goals selected by the Resiliency Working Group are intended to create a specific framework for
guiding the development of proposed mitigation initiatives for incorporation into the plan. Whenever
feasible, the planning participants have associated each proposed mitigation initiative with the goal
the initiative is intended to achieve. Proposing m itigation initiatives consistent with the overarching
goals is a principal mechanism for the Resiliency Working Group participants to achieve the stated
goals of the mitigation planning program.
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Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy Goals and Objectives
Goal
1
Local government shall make every reasonable effort to identify, develop, implement, and reduce
hazard vulnerability through effective mitigation programs.
1.1 The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group will develop a mechanism for local jurisdictions,
community partners, and residents to report hazard and risk data by the end of FY 2025.
1.2
Annually use historic and scientific data to identify hazards, risk areas and vulnerabilities in the
community and evaluate the need for updates to the hazard profiles of the Local Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy and/ or annexes of the LMRS.
1.3
Measure the effectiveness of completed mitigation projects t hrough the review of after action/
improvement items and public comments gathered during and after a disaster and provide to the
Florida Division of Emergency Management and Seminole County Resiliency Working Group.
1.4 Seminole County Resiliency Working Group shall annually review to the Seminole County Mitigation
and Resiliency Strategy Goals and Objectives. A status report will be produced annually.
Goal
2 All sectors of the community will work together to create a disaster resilient community.
2.1 Local jurisdictions will review existing interagency agreements on an annual basis for updates or
necessary changes.
2.2 Quarterly invite public and private sector organizations to Seminole County Resiliency Working Group
meetings to promote hazard mitigation programming throughout the community.
2.3 Encourage all participating agencies to conduct outreach programs including mitigation a minimum of
one time annually with businesses, institutions, and community groups.
2.4
Encourage local elected governing bodies to adopt the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy and
support community mitigation programming through annual communication with city and county
management and elected officials.
2.5 Encourage participation of each jurisdictio n in training and exercise through an annual review of
training and exercise documentation.
2.6 Distribute any relevant open statewide or national mitigation planning efforts or policy changes to the
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for comment or review.
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109
Goal
3
Reduce the vulnerability of critical infrastructures and public facilities from the effects of all
hazards.
3.1 Annually identify possible critical infrastructure or facilities which could be retrofitted or relocated
using mitigation funding.
3.2 Evaluate utility, telecommunications, and information technology systems with external agency
partners to determine potential mitigation opportunities.
3.3
Annually assess transportation and access routes, systems, and infrastructure to identify potential
relocation, retrofit or modification opportunities to ensure safe passage before, during and after
disaster events.
3.4 Annually assess opportunity for shelter retrofit funding for current or future evacuation shelters and
apply for funding as applicable.
3.5 Participate in the annual assessment of health and safety needs in the community and propose
mitigation or other initiatives based on assessment findings.
3.6 Annually invite private sector organizations who own or operate key community resources to the
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group meetings to encourage hazard mitigation programs.
3.7 Assess and implement physical and cyber protective measures on critical infrastructure and identify
opportunities for relocation or retrofit to withstand the impacts of disasters.
Goal
4
Develop policies and regulation to support effective hazard mitigation programming throughout the
community.
4.1
Review, develop and enforce policies, plans and regulations to discourage or prohibit inappropriate
location of structures or infrastructure components in the special flood hazard area or wildland urban
interface.
4.2 Address current building, fire, and land development regulations to ensure consideration of identified
hazards in the LMRS.
4.3
Encourage all jurisdictions to participate in the Building Code Effectiveness Rating Schedule, Fire
Suppression Rating Schedule, National Flood Insurance Program, and the associated Community
Rating System.
4.4 Conduct an assessment of potential mitigation or improvement measures during post -disaster
reconstruction to reduce the vulnerability to all hazards.
4.5 Encourage participating agencies to conduct outreach to include encouraging the development and
enforcement of energy conservation, green development, and resource sustainability best practices.
4.6 Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy goals and objectives should be added to Comprehensive
Plans of all participating jurisdictions within two years of plan adoption.
4.7
Participating agencies will annually assess and identify gaps in resources associated with each hazard
identified in the LMRS. Identified critical resource deficiencies shall be documented and presented to
the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group and considered for future mitigation projects.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
110
Goal
5
Encourage economic vitality of the community by promoting business continuity education,
disaster planning, and supporting the socially vulnerable.
5.1 Review needs of key employers in the community and establish programs, facilities, or resources to
support business resumption activities.
5.2 Identify socially vulnerable communities and foster community participation in resiliency planning
and projects.
Addressing Known Risks and Vulnerabilities
In addition to developing proposed mitigation initiatives to achieve the established goals and
objectives, an important emphasis of the Resiliency Working Group is to also include proposed
mitigation initiatives in its plan that will address known vulnerab ilities of important facilities and
neighborhoods to the impacts of future natural, t e chnological or human -caused disasters. By
reducing known vulnerabilities to future disasters, it is important in the plan to document those
initiatives that are intended to address identified vulnerabilities of facilities, systems and
neighborhoods, as well as to strengthen the mitigation -related policy framework for the entire
county.
There are a number of initiatives that are not directly associated with specific facil ities or
neighborhoods that have been assessed f or their vulnerabilities, but address other mitigation -related
concerns, such as storm water drainage ―trouble spots in the county. While they may not affect an
entire neighborhood or critical roadway, they c an create unsafe conditions or damage properties.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Compliance
All jurisdictions are active participants in the NFIP. In an effort to ensure continued compliance with
the NFIP, each participating community will:
o Continue to enforce their adopted Floodplain Management Ordinance requirements, which
include regulating all new development and substantial improvements in Special Flood
Hazard Areas (SFHA).
o Continue to maintain all records pertaining to floodplain developme nt, which shall be
available for public inspection
o Continue to notify the public when there are proposed changes to the floodplain ordinance
or Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
o Maintain the map and Letter of Map Change repositories.
o Continue to promote Flood Ins urance for all properties.
o Continue their Community Rating System outreach programs.
Table 3, below, summarizes information about polices, coverages, and written premiums for the
active participants in the NFIP within Seminole County.
Community Name Policies In-Force Total Coverage Written Premium In- Force
Altamonte Springs 819 $179,420,000 $437,263
Casselberry 361 $90,499,000 $270,613
Lake Mary 233 $77,879,000 $150,097
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111
Longwood 210 $68,277,000 $147,462
Oviedo 728 $234,820,000 $446,158
Sanford 624 $172,496,000 $403,789
Winter Springs 657 $196,526,000 $517,653
Seminole County 3,974 $1,232,857,000 $2,489,926
As of 08/22/2024, FEMA NFIP Insurance Report
Seminole County Government is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain
management regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The
County has adopted the minimum NFIP standards and latest FIRM map through the County Floodplain
Ordinance. The County Floodplain Administrator, within the Public Works Department, is designated to
implement the addressed commitments and requirements of the NFIP.
Per Seminole County’s latest Floodplain Ordinance , for applications for building permits to improve buildings
and structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of occupancy,
additions, rehabilitations, renovations, Substantial Improvements, repairs of Substantial D amage, and any
other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the County Floodplain Administrator, in
coordination with the County Building Official, shall:
(1) Estimate the Market Value or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the Market Value prepared
by a qualified independent appraiser of the building or structure before the Start of Construction of the
proposed work; in the case of repair, the M arket Value of the building or structure shall be the Market Value
before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made and any appraisals shall be within one (1) year
of the date of permit application;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvemen t, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -damaged
condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the Market Value of the
building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes Sub stantial Improvement or repair of
Substantial Damage; the determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued for improvements and
repairs as specified in the definition of “Substantial Improvement”; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determin ed that the work constitutes Substantial Improvement or repair of
Substantial Damage and that compliance with the Flood resistant construction requirements of the Florida
Building Code and the County Floodplain Ordinance is required.
Community Rating System
The Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary program for NFIP -participating communities. The
goals of the CRS are to reduce flood losses, to facilitate accurate insurance rating, and to promote
the awareness of flood insurance. The CRS has been deve loped to provide incentives for communities
to go beyond the minimum floodplain management requirements to reduce the losses from flooding.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
112
The incentives are in the form of premium discounts.
Table 4, below, summarizes information about the active participants within the CRS in Seminole County.
October 2023, CRS Participating Communities Report | Status: C= Current, R= Rescinded , P= Pending
It must be emphasized that in many cases, detailed information regarding the areas potentially
impacted by a specific hazard, as well as its potential health and safety, property, environmental and
economic impacts of that hazard may not have been available. Further, it has not been the intent of
the Resiliency Working Group , nor have funding resources been available, to conduct extensive new
studies to obtain such information solely for the purposes of the de velopment of this mitigation plan.
Therefore, it has often been necessary to rely on the informed judgment of knowledgeable local
officials to identify hazards and derive estimates of the risk each poses to the community.
ISO Building Code Effectiveness Gr ading Schedule (BCEGS):
The ISO Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) is a voluntary program designed to evaluate
the effectiveness of a community’s building codes and the enforcement of those codes. The BCEGS program
focuses on how well building codes are enforced to mitigate damage from natural hazards such as hurricanes
and floods. Communities are graded on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing exemplary enforcement.
Communities with stronger building code enforcement benefit from improv ed resilience to natural disasters
and may receive incentives such as lower insurance premiums for their residents and businesses.
Table 5, below, summarizes information about the ISO BCEGS Ratings in Seminole County.
Jurisdiction BCEGS Rating (Commercial) BCEGS Rating (Residential)
Altamonte Springs 2 2
Lake Mary 3 3
Longwood 4 4
Oviedo 3 4
Seminole County 3 3
Community
Number
Community
Name
CRS Entry
Date
Current
Effective Date
Current
Class
% Premium
Discount Status
120290 Altamonte
Springs 10/1/1994 5/1/2014 7 15 C
120291 Casselberry 10/1/2019 10/1/2019 8 10 C
120416 Lake Mary 10/1/2009 4/1/2021 5 25 C
120292 Longwood 10/1/1996 10/1/2010 10 0 P
120293 Oviedo 10/1/2008 10/1/2013 6 20 C
120294 Sanford 10/1/2016 10/1/2016 7 15 C
120289 Seminole
County 10/1/1991 5/1/2011 6 20 C
120295 Winter
Springs 10/1/1993 5/1/2013 6 20 C
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ISO Public Protection Classification (PPC):
The ISO Public Protection Classification (PPC) is a program that evaluates the fire protection services of
communities across the country. The PPC program assigns ratings from 1 to 10, where 1 represents superior
fire protection and 10 indicates that the community’s fire protection meets the minimum standards. The
primary goals of the PPC program are to assist communities in improving their fire protection capabilities,
facilitate accurate insurance rating, and ultimately help reduce fire -related losses. Communities with better
PPC ratings benefit from reduced property insurance premiums, providing an incentive to invest in enhanced
fire protection services. The Seminole County Fire Department directly serves the unincorporated areas of
Seminole County as we ll as the cities of Altamonte Springs, Casselberry, and Winter Springs. The Seminole
County Fire Department ISO rating is referenced below.
Table 6, below, summarizes information about the ISO PPC Ratings in Seminole County.
Agency PPC Rating
Seminole County ISO 1
Lake Mary ISO 1
Longwood ISO 2
Oviedo ISO 2
Sanford ISO 2
Implementation
Prioritization of Actions
The Resiliency Working Group is responsible for identifying projects and activities that Seminole
County and its municipalities want to implement that will support the tasks identified in the Goals
and Objectives section. Projects will be submitted to the Resiliency Working Group Scoring
Subcommittee by eligible applicants which was created by unanimous vote at the July 2023 Resiliency
Working Group meeting. The Resiliency Working Group approved the official implementation of the
Scoring Subcommittee for future use, with a me mber of the Office of Emergency Management to
serve as the Chair, a minimum of three (3) jurisdictions, one (1) citizen member, and not to exceed
ten (10) members.
Project submissions must complete a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP) scoring form in order to be added to the project priority list (see Project List
Appendix). To accomplish this responsibility, the Resiliency Working Group will do the following:
o Establish a schedule for the participants to submit proposed mitigation initiatives to be
considered for incorporation into the next edition of the Seminole C ounty Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy.
o Ensure the use of risk assessment methodology by all participating agencies and
organizations in Seminole County for the identification, characterization and
prioritization of proposed mitigation initiatives.
o Distribute the guidance, training or information incorporated into the LMRS as needed
to facilitate complete and accurate submittals by the participants.
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o Review each proposed mitigation initiative received for completeness, adherence to the
prescribed methodology, the validity of the characterization information and data used
by the participant, and the likelihood that the proposal will actually mit igate the hazard(s)
or vulnerability(ies) of concern.
o Prepare a cost/benefit analysis of the proposed mitigation initiatives .
o Compare proposed mitigation initiatives with others already incorporated into the plan
or being submitted during the current planning period to ensure an absence of co nflict
or redundancy in purpose.
o If needed, return the proposed mitigation initiatives to the submitting agency or
organization for additional information or analysis to be resubmitted.
o Prepare a recomme ndation for action by the Resiliency Working Group to incorporate
the proposed mitigation initiative into the Seminole County Local Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy and to consent to listing the proposed initiative on the project list.
o On request of the agency or organization attempting to implement an approved
mitigation initiative, the Resiliency Working Group will certify to any identified party that
the proposed mitigation initiative has been approved for incorporation into the strategy.
o The priority of implementation is based on the score given to the project by the
submitting agency, review by the Scoring Subcommittee, and approval by a majority vote
of the Resiliency Working Group.
Changes in prioritization of the project rankings could change f or several reasons. Environmental
conditions, such as a pending drought, would warrant more aggressive or rapid implementation of
proposed mitigation initiatives associated with this hazard, even if their overall priority score was less
than those addressing flood. In this way, adjustments in the implementation of the plan can be made.
Conditions that could warrant a change in the implementation schedule of the mitigation initiatives
could include but are not limited to:
o Declared Disasters
o Funding Availability
o New or Revised Policy Development
o Plan Revision Cycles
o Legal or Fiscal Restraints
o Life Safety Priorities
In 2023, the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group voted to review and implement a new Scoring Sheet
for projects to be added to the Project Priority List. This change was made based on chang ing priorities from
participating jurisdictions. The new scoring method also promotes mitigation through alternative methods,
provides more areas to earn points, and prioritizes project with repetitive losses. The full Scoring Sheet can
be found in the Project List Appendix (Appendix B).
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Mitigation Project Priority List
The detailed project priority list can be found in LMRS Project Priority List Appendix of this pla n. This
Appendix (Excel Spreadsheet) also includes the completed and deleted project lists.
Responsibility for Mitigation Actions
Once incorporated into the Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , the agency or
organization proposing the initiative becomes responsible for its implementation. This may mean
developing a budget for the effort or making application to state and federal agencies for financial
support for implementation. This is the approach utilized by the Resiliency Working Group because
only the jurisdiction or organization itself has the authority or responsibility to implement its
proposed mitigation initiatives.
In special circumstances, a participating municipality may make written request for direct project
implementation support for eligible residential mitigation from the Seminole County Office of
Emergency Management via the execution of an Interlocal Agreement pertaining to the referenced
project(s). The Interlocal Agreement will grant authority from the Agency Having Jurisdiction to
Seminole County for the manage ment of mitigation projects identified, in accordance with FEMA
Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) requirements. In these circumstances, the requesting
municipality must follow the normal project submission procedures referenced in the
Implementation section of this plan. The current status of implementation of mitigation initiatives
incorporated into the plan is discussed in the next section.
In this plan implementation process, th e Resiliency Working Group continues to monitor the
implementation status of initiatives, to assign priorities for implementation , and to take other such
actions to support and coordinate implementation of initiative s by the involved organizations. In
reality, it is the implementation of proposed initiatives, along with other actions by the organizations
participating in the planning to maintain, refine and expand the technical analyses used in the
planning, that constitutes the process to implement the mit igation plan.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
When a project is submitted for the LMRS for inclusion in the Project List with the intention of seeking
funds from various grant programs , a cost/benefit analysis worksheet will be submitted with the
proposed project for consideration by the Resiliency Working Group. This worksheet can be found in
the Project List Appendix of this plan.
Actions Completed
A mitigation project that has been funded and completed will be added to the Completed Project List.
The LMRS Completed Project List is maintained and housed within the Office of Emergency
Management. This list can be found in the LMRS Project Priority Lis t Appendix, Completed List Tab.
The LMRS project list can change frequently as funding, various local, state and federal requirements,
etc. change and/or are updated. For deleted or deferred mitigation projects a list is maintained with
each project listed including an explanation as to why the project was deleted or deferred. This list
can be found in the LMRS Project Priority List Appendix, Deleted List Tab.
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Strategy Maintenance
LMRS Monitoring and Evaluation
Th e LMRS Plan will be housed in the Seminole County Office of Emergency Management (SCOEM).
The Resiliency Working Group meets on a quarterly basis at a minimum, as well as after times of
disaster events, and any other time deemed appropriate by the Working Group Chairperson, to
update and revise th e LMRS. The criteria used to evaluate the LMRS document and activities should
include, but not be limited to the following:
o Federal and/or State Requirements
o Changes in development trends and land use that could affect infrastructure
o Storms or other disaster events that have altered Seminole County’s hazard areas
o Completion of existing mitigation projects and introduction of new goals
o Changes in policy, procedure or code
o Changes in building codes and practices
o Review of legislative actions that could affect funding of mitigation efforts
o Changes in Flood Insurance Rate Maps, National Flood Insurance Program, etc.
Prior to the annual fourth-quarter Resiliency Working Group meeting, a mitigation staff member within
SCOEM will send out a tracking sheet to a representative from each participating agency. The agency
representative will then determine their status on each LMRS objective and report back. The responses will
then be compiled and presented at the fourth-quarter Resiliency Working Group meetin g.
The plan is periodically reviewed and adopted by the participating jurisdictions’ governing bodies to
ensure that the mitigation actions taken by their organizations are consistent with each community’s
larger vision and goals, as well as their overall unique needs and circumstances. The adoption process
includes instructing the jurisdictions’ agencies and organizations to continue to refine, expand and
implement the plan.
LMRS Updates
Every five years, the LMRS plan applies for formal review to FEMA. A FEMA approved local mitigation
plan allows participating communities to be eligible for various Federal and state grant programs.
Data collected during the implementation of the plan’s objectives will be used to make updates every
year, as needed. Damage assessment reports will be collected from disasters to determine what types
of mitigation efforts may be necessary. Lessons learned from previous disasters and Improvement
Items found from After Action Reports (AAR) may also contribute to the LMRS update.
Citizen input will be requested at various times throughout the year. These activities include the
annual Severe Weather Awareness Week, Prepare Seminole! campaign, and various community
outreach activities. The Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy Basic Plan is posted to the Seminole
County Office of Emergency Management mitigation webpage. Any citizen input will be brought up
at quarterly Resiliency Working Group meetings to be held at the Seminole County Emergency
Operations Center. Each year, a list of meetings times and dates will be posted to the website.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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All notes and mitigation efforts will be put together to develop a draft LMRS for update. The Seminole
County Resiliency Working Group will establish a more aggressive meeting schedule in preparation
for the updated/revised LMRS to be resubmitted for approval for each 5-year FEMA formal review.
Mitigation staff within the SCOEM will be the lead for the 5-year update process. Once the document
is ready for review, Resiliency Working Group members will conduct a public meeting to solicit
additional input on the plan. The LMRS, any supporting documentation, and the criteria checklist will
first be submitted to the Florida Division of Emergency Management for review, and then forwarded
to FEMA for review and approval. It is anticipated that the review process could take several months.
Following adoption or approval of the plan by all parties involved, the respective agencies and
organizations will continue to implement the plan, to expand its scope, continue its analyses, and
take other such continuing action to maintain the planning process. This includes a ction by the
Resiliency Working Group to routinely incorporate proposed mitigation initiatives into the plan,
without the necessity to also continuously solic it the formal approval of the plan by the jurisdictions’
governing bodies prior to expiration of the current plan. This process is administered by the Office of
Emergency Management.
Implementation through Existing Plans and Programs
One of the methods to most effectively implement the LMRS is to propose and implement initiatives
that will further the goals and objectives in the LMRS. Implemented initiative s will serve to mitigate
existing issues. Other current plans, when reviewed and updated will be compared to the initiatives
and objectives of the LMRS to ensure that all planning activities w ork toward the common goal. Some
identified planning mechanisms utilized in this review process include , but have not been limited to,
jurisdictional floodplain ordinances, comprehensive plans, land development code s, and the
Seminole County Comprehe nsive Emergency Management Plan.
Seminole County ’s Office of Emergency Management has oversight of the process for incorporating
the LMRS into other local government planning mechanisms. Some plans, such as the Comprehensive
Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP), have prescribed
processes that provide the opportunity for integration of LMRS goals and objectives at scheduled
intervals. During these planning cycles, Emergency Management reviews the LMRS for consistency
and identifies opportunities to link the LMRS to the revised plans. As an example, information
collected for the LMRS risk assessment will be used to update the CEMP. The Seminole County CEMP
is a multi-jurisdictional plan which includes participation from Seminole County and all seven
municipalities.
Participating jurisdictions may maintain their own local Comprehensive Emergency Management
Plan or equivalent document. The goals, objectives, and approach of the LMRS should be considered
when those local plans are developed and revised.
As part of the planning integration process, participating agencies and County Emergency
Management staff continuously seek plan -development opportunities th at are not part of existing
planning cycles but are relevant to the goals and objectives of the LMRS. The process for linking the
LMRS to planning projects includes identifying mitigation -related elements in the plans under
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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development and ensuring policie s and initiatives in the LMRS are considered and addressed.
Strategic planning is an example of this, as the process includes looking at both short and long-term
needs and addressing gaps and initiatives through policy and budget. During the 2020-2025 period,
several objectives and mitigation actions have been implemented into planning mechanisms. The
multi-jurisdictional Floodplain Management Plan , which includes participation from Seminole County
and all seven municipalities, was updated to include plans for additional repetitive loss properties
and to reduce future flood risk countywide. The Seminole County Continuity of Operations and
Continuity of Government plans were updated to decrease the vulnerability of all county
departments through backup system s, buildings, and chain of command. The City of Altamonte
Springs has an emergency ordinance similar to Seminole County’s.
Public education and outreach is a large portion of the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy . The
LMRS is incorporated in the Prepare Seminole ! Campaign which is a community action program to
help all citizens, businesses, and other organizations prepare and mitigate damages. This campaign
was launched in 2005 after three (3) hurricanes affected the Central Florida area in 2004. The public
outreach initiative uses LMRS goals and objectives to encourage mitigation efforts.
The LMRS goals are used to help strengthen vulnerable critical facilities by using other grants, funding
opportunities, and policy. The State Homeland Security Grant has been used to strengthen
interoperable communication systems that are used during disasters. In addition, these grants have
strengthened capabilities of the Emergency Operations Center to provide redundant communications
with other EOCs in the region and the State of Florida EOC in Tallahassee, Florida.
The Development Services Department as well as jurisdictional building, planning, and development
departments use strict building codes to prevent loss from fires, natural d isasters, as well as man-
made events. In the City of Altamonte Springs, fire sprinkler codes were adopted to prevent the loss
of homes and buildings from fires. Strict planning and building codes are used to minimize the
vulnerability of newly constructed buildings throughout Seminole County.
Particular highlights of the Resiliency Working Group ’s efforts to implement the mitigation plan
through other plans and programs include updates to the Comprehensive Emergency Management
Plan (using the hazards/risk assessment), comprehensive future land use plans of Seminole County
and each of the participating municipalities . One of the Objectives of th e Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy is to add the LMRS Goals and Objectives to each jurisdiction’s
comprehensive plan. These examples demonstrate that each participating jurisdiction is committed
to incorporating mitigation principles and concepts into their normal operations and activities via
their existing planning and programming processes.
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Authorities and References
FDEM. (2018). Local Mitigation Strategy Update Manual Retrieved 2019, from
https://www.floridadisaster.org/contentassets/4627af4c1dbc4c4293fc8f7382468b22/lms -update -manual-
full.pdf
VAISALA. (2019). Vaisala 2018 Annual Lightning Report Retrieved 2019, from
https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/2018%20Annual%20Lightning%20Report_1.pdf
Wilhite, D. a. (1985). National Drought Mitigation Center. Retrieved 2019, from Types of Drought:
https://drought.unl.edu/Education/DroughtIn-depth/TypesofDrought.aspx
Figures:
Agriculture
A: Irrigated Agricultural Land in Seminole County
B: Citrus Acreage in Seminole County
Critical Infrastructure Disruption
C: U.S. Electric Power Transmission Lines
Cyber Security
D: World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Surv ey 2023-2024
Disease
E & F: Florida COVID-19 Data
Drought
G: Drougt Categorical Descriptions
H: National Integrated Drought Information System — Seminole County Historical Data and Conditions
Earthquakes
I: University of Florida Department of Geological Sciences – Earthquakes in the Gulf of Mexico
Extreme Heat
J: National Weather Service — Practicing Safe Heat
Financial Collapse
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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K: Congressional Budget Office, Office of Management and Budget, and Committee for a Responsible Federal
Budget
Floods
L: Flood Zones – Seminole County GIS. (2024).
M: Southeast River Forecast Center. (2024). National Weather Service
Harmful Algal Blooms
N: Florida Department of Health. (2024).
Hazardous Materials
O: Seminole County GIS. (2024).
Mass Migration
P: Projected migration estimates for Florida.
Severe Weather
Q: Vaisala 2023 Annual Lightning Report — Total Lightning Density in the U.S.
Sinkholes
R: Subsidence Incident Report Map
Structural Integrity
S: Seminole County GIS. (2020 – 2024)
Tornadoes
T: NWS tornado tracks from 1950-202217 in Seminole County
Transportation
U: Wekiva Parkway
V : The SunRail Stations
W: Federal Railroad Administration Office of Safety Analysis — Train Accidents for Florida
Wildfires
X: Wildland Urban Interface Intensity Spectrum
Cold Weather
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Y: Average Annual Minimum Temperature throughout Florida.
Z: Days with Lowest Temperature Recorded being below 40F in Seminole County.
Tables:
Agriculture
1: Seminole County Agricultural Statistics
2A: Total Crop/Farm Land
2B: 2021-2022 USDA Citrus Summary
3: Seminole County NFIP Data
4: Seminole County CRS Information
5: Seminole County ISO PPC Information
6: Seminole County ISO BCEGS Information
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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Appendix A: Jurisdictional Profiles
City of Altamonte Springs
Introduction
This annex discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole County
Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS) in the City of Altamonte Springs (City) and the next steps
that may be undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerable to the
potential effects of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. The City is an active participant
in the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group, a countywide, multi -jurisdictional collective that meets
regularly to identify and reduce the vulnerabilities within Seminole County to future hazards of all types,
which se rves to continuously shape and update the LMRS . The LMRS is a living document and is active at
all times, as is the City’s Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan. The goal of the City of Altamonte Springs
Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan is to alig n with, rather than conflict with, the Seminole County LMRS.
Instead, it aims to serve as a complementary document that reaffirms the City's commitment to addressing
the specific hazards identified in the LMRS that are relevant to Altamonte Springs.
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Approval and promulgation of the LMRS and its annexes is crucial for its effective implementation and
reflects each jurisdiction’s commitment to disaster resilience. This Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan
annex provides details on the City’s participation and ability to incorporate and supplement the capabilities
described in the LMRS. The Resiliency Working Group expects each governing body to review and act on their
plan promptly, ensuring the necessary resources for priority initiatives. Adoption of the plan also positions
the City of Altamonte Springs to qualify for state and federal funding and demonstrates active participation
in Seminole County’s coordinated resilience efforts.
Once reviewed and revised by th e Florida Division of Emergency Management for compliance with federal
hazard mitigation planning standards, the City Commission may formally adopt the LMRS via resolution. This
resolution may then be submitted to the State of Florida to obtain formal appr oval from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Identifying hazards is the first step in any effort to reduce community risk. Altamonte Springs proactively
participates in technical analyses identifying po tential hazards threatening the jurisdiction, defining
vulnerabilities to those hazards and formulating mitigation initiatives to eliminate or reduce those
vulnerabilities. The mitigation initiatives are included in the countywide mitigation plan and are s cheduled
for implementation when the resources to do so become available.
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The LMRS Planning Team and representatives of individual jurisdictions, including Altamonte Springs, have
identified the natural, technological and human -caused hazards that could threaten Seminole County. The
City Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) recognizes and adopts the Resiliency Working
Group hazard identification process, incorporating the twenty -four (24) hazards and associated risk levels
identified in the 2025-2030 LMRS planning process. All parts of the City of Altamonte Springs are vulnerable
to these hazards. Ongoing initiatives, including hardening of critical infrastructure, public information and
floodplain mitigation, address all of these hazards to the extent necessary and practicable both at the
jurisdictional level and countywide.
Currently, there are four (4) commercial and fifteen (15) residential repetitive flood loss properties within
the City of Altamonte Springs , and no severe repetitive loss properties, as defined pursuant to the National
Flood Insurance Program. A number of mitigation approaches within the LMRS, and within the City of
Altamonte Springs specific mitigation efforts, are targeted to reduce the potential flooding impact to these
properties and the community as a whole.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Altamonte Springs has adopted a Land Development Code and Code of Ordinances which contain
a number of mitigation and resiliency initiatives related to flooding, special events, fire protection, and
ground water and wellhead protection. In addition, the City of Altamonte Springs enforces the Florida
Building Code and the Florida Fire Prevention Code which also address the resiliency and safety of buildings,
occupants and f irst responders.
In addition, important elements of the City’s Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Code addressing
comprehensive water management for the Little Wekiva Basin were developed together with Orange
County, Seminole County, impacted municipa lities (including Altamonte Springs) and the St. Johns River
Water Management District. These elements address flood mitigation, erosion control, wetlands
development restrictions for which the City has adopted land development regulations and using interagency
hazard mitigation reports as a basis for prohibiting redevelopment which is inconsistent with report
recommendations.
As part of the flood protection initiatives, the City of Altamonte Springs mandates th at new residential
construction, new non-residential construction and substantial improvement/damage to existing structures
should have their lowest floor, including basement, elevated to at least one foot above the base flood
elevation (BFE).
Per City of Altamonte Spring’s latest Flood Ordinance, for applications for building permits to improve
buildings and structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of
occupancy, additions, rehabilitations, renovation s, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial
damage, and any other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the City of Altamonte
Springs floodplain administrator, in coordination with the building official, shall:
(a) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared
by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction of the
proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of t he building or structure shall be the market value
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
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before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(b) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -
damaged condition, or the combined costs of imp rovements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value
of the building or structure (excluding the land and other improvements on the parcel);
(c) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage; and
(d) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage and that compliance with the flood -resistant construction requirements of the Florida
Building Code and this article is required.
The City is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Community Rating System
(CRS), with a current rating of seven (7), and the City of Altamonte Springs Public Works is designated to
implement and address commitments and requirements to the NFIP . Determination of a particular property's
coverage need is based on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). This serve s to set specific flood
elevations for certain areas within the City , providing a higher level of accuracy when determining
applicability to a specific property area. The City of Altamonte Springs is the agency with authority to
implement and enforce local floodplain
management regulations to permit development of Special Flood Hazard Are as (SFHAs). The FIRM is to be
used as a reference only - individual lot determinations should be made only with the assistance of a
registered land surveyor.
The City holds a Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) class rating of two (2), demonstrating
a dedication to enforcing rigorous building codes that significantly improve community safety and resilience.
Seminole County, through its Fire Department, has earned the maximum Insurances Services Office Public
Protection Class (PPC) rating of one (1), highlighting exemplary fire protection with regards to emergency
communications systems, fire department effectiveness, water supply and community risk reduction. As part
of this comprehensive fire protection approach, the City has a fire sprinkler ordinance in place that requires
most new construction to be protected with fire sprinklers. Not only does this initiative provide resiliency for
the built environment and protect the occupants, but this initiative also protects the first responders.
Participation and successful rating of PPC, BCEGS and CRS classification systems are an indication of strong
building codes and enforcement practices. Insur ance companies use these ratings to assess risk, which can
lead to lower insurance premiums for property owners within Altamonte Springs.
Status of Previous Initiatives and Future Mitigation Actions
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As an active participant of the Resiliency Working Group , the City of Altamonte Springs follows the
procedures and mitigation actions outlined in the LMRS for gauging the success of previous initiatives and
prioritizing future mitigation actions .
Public Information and Participation
The City provides several resources for public information. The City website, http://www.altamonte.org/,
provides extensive information about various programs, resources and tools available to the community .
Additionally, the LMRS, which includes the City’s Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan, is available online, as
is zoning, building and fire safety information. Further, the City has a number of written materials available
for citizens regarding preparedness and mitigation, available at City Hall and various departmental facilities.
The City continuously considers input and feedback from its citizens and encourages engagement through
education, awareness and community meetings.
Summary
The City of Altamonte Springs plays an active role in developing and implementing the LMRS, identifying and
mitigating hazards and partners continuously with Seminole County and its municipalities to maintain an
effective countywide strategy for mitigation and resilien ce. The LMRS and its annex es are integral parts of
the City’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and its overall approach to resilience. The
City’s ongoing dedication to safeguarding lives, property and the environment in Altamonte Springs ensu res
the long-term safety, sustainability and well-being of the community.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
126
City of Casselberry
Introduction
This section discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy the City of Casselberry, and the next steps that may
be undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential
effects of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction -specific information
developed to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction participating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion.
If the governing body acts in a positive manner, this is basically an approval or endorsement of the proposed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, represents both consent and commitment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Seminole County be made a more disaster -resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Casselberry is an active participant in the coordinated Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore eligible for some types of state
or federal funding not available to non -participants
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
127
This action by the City of Casselberry Council documents approval and endorsement of three fundamental
aspects of the Seminole County Local Mitigation Plan. First, the City Council has approved its own,
jurisdiction-specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city agencies
and organizations to implement the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the aspects of the
countywide planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation goals and
objectives established by the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for the countywide plan. Third, it
stipulates that, because of the multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitig ation planning
process, that the City of Casselberry has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other jurisd ictions
for implementation and has found no reason to object to their implementation or to otherwise be concerned
regarding mitigation actions planned by the other participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Recent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on
the type, location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future
progress of implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group considers and acts on actual disaster
experience by the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lea d" agency with the intention
that that organization will use the information to propose additional mitigation initiatives for incorporation
into the plan.
Although the City of Casselberry is susceptible to some degree to all 24 hazards addressed in this plan, for
the purpose of developing cost -effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these s even (7)
hazards as its most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Mass Gatherings/ Planned Events
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project and a project to assess
existing County and municipal codes for recommended mitigation improvements , address all of these
hazards to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives.
Currently, there are no repetitive flood loss properties within the jurisdiction, as defined pursuant to the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Casselberry has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida Building
Code.
Additional policies were identified addressing areas of weather emergency, open burning, utility
emergencies, special flood hazard areas, fire emergencies, property as emergency shelter, police
emergencies, suspension of local building regulations during a declared state of emergency, sinkhole
emergencies and hazardous materials emergencies.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
128
All new manufactured homes and replacement manu factured homes installed in flood hazard areas shall be
installed on permanent, reinforced foundations that are designed in accordance with the foundation
requirements of the Florida Building Code Residential Section R322.2. All manufactured homes that are
placed, replaced, or substantially improved in flood hazard areas shall be elevated such that the bottom of
the frame is at or above the elevation required in the Florida Building Code, Residential Section R322.2. The
city continues to review existing policies and ordinances for any needed improvements for the future. State
or Federal policy changes are shared through the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group with all cities,
with each jurisdiction having the opportunity to review for local compliance.
Per City of Casselberry’s latest Flood Ordinance, for applications for building permits to improve buildings
and structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of occupancy,
additions, rehabilitations, renovations, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage, and any
other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the Floodplain Administrator, in
coordination with the Building Official, shall:
(1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value
prepared by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction
of the proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the
market value before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -
damaged condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value
of the building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair
of substantial damage; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage and that compliance with the flood -resistant construction and finish floor elevation
requirements of the Florida Building Code.
The City of Casselberry is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The City of
Casselberry Public Works and Utilities Department is designated to imple ment the addressed commitments
and requirements to the NFIP.
Efforts will be continued and expanded to identify any policies or plans that relate to the other high -ranking
hazards and document them.
The city is a participant in the NFIP with over 320 flood insurance policies in force totaling over $76 million
dollars. Casselberry has begun the process to become a member of the Community Rating System in order
to make flood insurance more affordable through a reduction in premium costs.
Status of Previous Initiatives
The implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's
planning process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy . The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation
initiatives is their effectiveness in saving lives, avoiding property damage and protecting valuable or
irreplaceable re sources in the community. As mitigation initiatives are incorporated into the Seminole
County’s Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , there will be more opportunities to measure the "success"
of the Resiliency Working Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighborhoods of
Seminole County can become more and more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
129
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the
proposed mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for
implementation during the next planning period. This assessment will provide guidance to the individual
jurisdictions and organizations proposing the initiatives to encour age them to focus on those designated as
priority. However, because each participating jurisdiction or organization has independent authority and
responsibility for implementation of their proposed mitigation initiatives under the mitigation planning
approach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative
to act in their own interests, using their own priorities for mitigation initiative implementation.
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be
considered a suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the resources for
implementation. These resources may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or
organization, to se eking state or federal financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative.
(The designation "priority for implementation" means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that
sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their i mplementation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information on its extensive website, http://www.casselberry.org
. The Community Development Department is responsible for Planning & Zoning , Development Review
Coordination, Code Compliance, and Economic Development, all of which have implications for mitigation.
The Comprehensive Plan is available upon request by contacting the City’s Planning Department, as are
zoning, building and fire s afety information, the latter of which is an identified hazard. In addition, the city
has a number of written materials available for citizens regarding preparedness/mitigation, available at city
hall. The Public Works Department has flood information avai lable, and the Police Department offers a
number of programs to combat crime including a House Check program.
As with other planning efforts, the city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process
to the community and to solicit the ir input and involvement in the planning process, as well as to provide
mitigation awareness and educational information. This may be done through the mechanism of a public
meeting or hearing, or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of
hazards on the city website.
Casselberry will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to the
community in conjunction with area businesses and other private or non- profit entities, particularly du ring
the hurricane season.
Summary
The City of Casselberry has been an active participant in the planning process, conducting additional
assessments, implementing initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to facilities
and neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that it will take a long period of time and
implementation of many if not all of the proposed initiatives approved for this plan, to make Seminole County
a truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfare of the
community shown by the participants from the City of Casselberry in this planning process will make this
ambitious goal possible.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
130
City of Lake Mary
Introduction
This section discusses the status of development and implementation of the Seminole County
Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy in the City of Lake Mary, and the next steps that may be
undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential effects
of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction -specific information
developed to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction partic ipating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion.
If the governing body acts in a positive manner, this acts as an approval or endorsement of the proposed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, rep resents both consent and commitment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Seminole County be made a more disaster -resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Lake Mary is an active participant in the coordinated Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore eligible for some types of state
or federal funding not available to non -participants.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
131
This action by the City of Lake Mary Council documents approval and endorsement of three fundamental
aspects of the Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy . First, the City Council has approved
its own, jurisdiction -specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city
agencies and organizations to implement the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the
aspects of the countywide planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation
goals and objectives estab lished by the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for the countywide plan.
Third, it stipulates that, because of the multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitigation
planning process, that the City of Lake Mary has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other
jurisdictions for implementation and has found no reason to object to their implementation or to otherwise
be concerned regarding mitigation actions planned by the other participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Recent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on
the type, location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future
progress of implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group considers and acts on actual disaster
experience by the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lead" agency with the intention
that that organization will use the information to propose addi tional mitigation initiatives for incorporation
into the plan.
Although the City of Lake Mary is susceptible to some degree to all 24 hazards addressed in this plan; for the
purpose of developing cost -effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these six (6) hazards
as its most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Newly proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project and a project to assess
existing County and municipal codes for recommended mitigation improvements, address all of these
hazards to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives. A Lift Station generator project
has been initiated to reduce the losses caused by power loss from tornadoes and tropical cyclones has been
added to the list of initiatives for the City of Lake Mary.
Currently, there are no repetitive flood loss properties within the jurisdiction, as defined pursuant to the
National Flood Insurance Program.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Lake Mary has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida B uilding
Code.
An additional nine policies were identified addressing areas of urban and wildfire risk, fire sprinkler
protection requirements for avoidance of all areas, building code addressing high winds and structural loads
and flood resistant construction.
Efforts will be continued and expanded to identify any policies or plans that relate to the other high -ranking
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
132
hazards and document them.
Lake Mary mandates that new residential and non- residential construction or substantial improvements to
existing ones should have their lowest finished floor including basement elevated to at a foot and a half
above the base flood elevation (BFE).
Per City of Lake Mary’s latest Flood Ordinance, for applications for building permits to improve buildings and
structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of occupancy,
additions, rehabilitations, renovations, substantial impr ovements, repairs of substantial damage, and any
other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the Floodplain Administrator, in
coordination with the Building Official, shall:
(1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value
prepared by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction
of the proposed work. In the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the market
value before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -
damaged condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if app licable, to the market value
of the building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair
of substantial damage. The determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued fo r improvements
and repairs as specified in the definition of "substantial improvement"; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair
of substantial damage and that compliance with the flood resistant provisions of the Florida Building Code
and this chapter is required.
The City of Lake Mary is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Floo d Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The City of Lake Mary
Public Works Department is designated to implement the addressed commitments and requirements to the
NFIP.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program with nearly 250 flood insurance policies in force totaling over
$74 million dollars. Lake Mary will continue to evaluate the need to lower insurance premiums for its
residents by investigating mitigation measures and programs and their benefits to the community.
The city is a participant in the NFI P Program and the Community Rating Sy stem, with a current rating of 5.
Determination of a particular property's coverage need is based on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate
Map (FIRM). This served to set specific flood elevations for certain areas within the city. This provides a higher
level of accuracy when determining applicability to a specific property area. The FIRM is to be used as a
reference only - individual lot determinations should be made only with the assistance of a registered land
surveyor.
Status of Previous Initiatives
The implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's
planning process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy. The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation
initiatives is their effectiveness in saving lives, avoiding property damage and protecting valuable or
irreplaceable resources in the community. As the mitigation initiatives that have been incorporated into t he
Seminole County’s Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , there will be more opportunities to measure the
"success" of the Resiliency Working Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighb orhoods
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
133
of Seminole County can become more and more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the
proposed mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for
implementation during the next planning period. This assessment will provide guidance to the individua l
jurisdictions and organizations proposing the initiatives to encourage them to focus on those designated as
priority. However, because each participating jurisdiction or organization has independent authority and
responsibility for implementation of their proposed mitigation initiatives under the mitigation planning
approach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative
to act in their own interests, using their own priorities for mitigation initiative im plementation.
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be
considered a suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the resources for
implementation. These resources may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or
organization, to seeking state or federal financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative.
(The designation "priority for implementation" means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that
sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their implementation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information on its extensive website, http://www.lakemaryfl.com.
The Community Development Department is responsible for Planning & Zoning, Development Review
Coordination, Code Compliance, Geographic Information Systems , and all of which have implications for
mitigation. In addition, the city has a numbe r of written materials available for citizens regarding
preparedness/mitigation, available at city hall. Community Development Department has flood information
available, and the Police Department offers a number of programs to combat crime, which is an id entified
hazard, including a Neighborhood Watch effort.
As with other planning efforts, the city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process
to the community and to solicit their input and involvement in the planning process, as w ell as to provide
mitigation awareness and educational information. This may be done through the mechanism of a public
meeting or hearing, or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of
hazards on the city website.
Lake Mary will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to the
community in conjunction with area busin esses and other private or non-profit entities, particularly during
the hurricane season.
Summary
The City of Lake Mary has been an active participant in the planning process, conducting additional
assessments, implementing many initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to
facilities and neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that it will take a long period of time
and implementation of many if not all of the proposed initiatives approved for this plan, to make Seminole
County a truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfare
of the community shown by the participants from the City of Lake Mary in this planning process will make
this ambitious goal possible.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy (LMRS)
134
City of Longwood
Introduction
This section discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy in the City of Longwood, and the next steps that may
be undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential
effects of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction -specific information
developed to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction participating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion. If
the governing body acts in a positive manner, this is basically an approval or endorsement of the proposed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, represents both consent and comm itment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Se minole County be made a more disaster-resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Longwood is an active participant in the coordinated Local Mitigation
and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore eligible for some types of state or federal
funding not available to non -participants.
135
This action by the City of Longwood Council documents approval and endorsement o f three fundamental
aspects of the Seminole County Local Mitigation Plan. First, the City Council has approved its own,
jurisdiction-specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city agencies
and organizations to impleme nt the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the aspects of the
countywide planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation goals and
objectives established by the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group f or the countywide plan. Third, it
stipulates that, because of the multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitigation planning
process, that the City of Longwood has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other jurisd ictions for
imple mentation and has found no reason to object to their implementation or to otherwise be concerned
regarding mitigation actions planned by the other participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Recent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on
the type, location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future
progress of implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group consid ers and acts on actual disaster
experience by the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lead" agency with the intention
that that organization will use the information to propose additional mitigation initiatives for incorporation
into the plan.
Although the City of Longwood is susceptible to some degree to all 24 hazards addressed in this plan, for the
purpose of developing cost -effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these six (6) hazards
as its most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project and a project to assess
existing County and municipal codes for recommended mitigation improvements , address all of these
hazards to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives.
Currently, there are no repetitive flood loss properties within the jurisdiction, as defined pursuant to the
National Flood Insurance Program.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Longwood has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida B uilding
Code.
An additional fourtee n policies were identified addressing areas of standards for special flood zones based
on the flood insurance rate maps, hazardous materials storage, tree protection, design standards for streets,
storm water systems and subdivisions, signage code, and lan d development code exemptions for emergency
activity. Efforts will be continued and expanded to identify any policies or plans that relate to the other high -
ranking hazards and document them.
Per the City of Longwood’s latest Floodplain Ordinance, f or applications for building permits to improve
136
buildings and structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of
occupancy, additions, rehabilitations, renovations, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage,
and any other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the floodplain administrator, in
coordination with the building official, shall:
(1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared
by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction of the
proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the market value
before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -damaged
condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value of the
building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair
of substantial damage; for proposed work to repair damage caused by flooding, the determination requires
evaluation of previous permits issued to repair flood -related damage as specified in the definition of
"substantial damage"; the determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued for improvements
and repairs as specified in the definition of "substantial improvement"; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair
of substantial damage and that compliance with the flood resistant construction requirements of the Florida
Building Code and this ordinance is required.
The City of Longwood is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The City of Longwood
Engineering and Public Works Department is designated to implement the addressed commitments and
requirements to the NFIP.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program with over 200 flood insurance policies in force totaling over $56
million dollars. Longwood will continue to evaluate the need to lower insurance premiums for its residents
by investigating mitigation measures and programs and their benefits to the community.
Status of Previous Initiatives
The implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's
planning process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy. The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation
initiatives is their effectiveness in s aving lives, avoiding property damage and protecting valuable or
irreplaceable resources in the community. As the mitigation initiatives that have been incorporated into t he
Seminole County’s Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , there will be more opp ortunities to measure the
"success" of the Resiliency Working Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighborhoods
of Seminole County can become more and more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the
proposed mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for
implementation during the next plannin g period. This assessment will provide guidance to the individual
jurisdictions and organizations proposing the initiatives to encourage them to focus on those designated as
priority. However, because each participating jurisdiction or organization has ind ependent authority and
responsibility for implementation of their proposed mitigation initiatives under the mitigation planning
approach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative
to act in their own interests, using their own priorities for mitigation initiative implementation.
137
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be
considered a suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the resources for
implementation. These resources may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or
organization, to seeking state or federal financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative.
(The designation "priority for implementation" means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that
sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their implementation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information on its extensive website, http://www.longwoodfl.org.
The Community Development Department is responsible for Planning & Zoning, Development Review
Coordination, Code Compliance, Geographic Information Systems, and Economic Development, all of which
have implications for mitigation. The Longwood Development Code and Longwood City Code are available
online, as are zoning, building and fire safety information, the latter of which is an identified hazard. In
addition, the city has a number of written mat erials available for citizens regarding preparedness/mitigation,
available at city hall. The Building Division has flood information available, and the Police Department offers
a number of programs to combat crime, which is an identified hazard, including a Neighborhood Watch
effort.
As with other planning efforts, the city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process
to the community and to solicit their input and involvement in the planning process, as well as to provide
mitigation awareness and educational information. This may be done through the mechanism of a public
meeting or hearing, or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of
hazards on the city website.
Longwood will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to the
community in conjunction with area busin esses and other private or non-profit entities, particularly during
the hurricane season.
Summary
The City of Longwood has been an active participan t in the planning process, conducting additional
assessments, implementing many initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to
facilities and neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that it will take a long period of time
and implementation of many if not all of the proposed initiatives approved for this plan, to make Seminole
County a truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfare
of the community shown by the participants from the City of Longwood in this planning process will make
this ambitious goal possible.
138
City of Oviedo
Introduction
This section discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation Resiliency Strategy ,in the City of Oviedo, and the next steps that may be
undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential effects
of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction -specific information
deve loped to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction participating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider, and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion.
If the governing body acts in a positive manner, this is basically an approval or endorsement of the proposed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, represents both consent and commitment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Seminole County be made a more disaster -resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Oviedo is an active participant in the coordinated Local Mitigation
and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore eligible for some types of state of federal
funding not available to non -participants.
139
This action by the City of Oviedo Council documents approval and endorsement of three fundamental aspects
of the Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy . First, the City Council has approved its own,
jurisdiction-specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city agencies
and organizations to implement the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the aspects of the
countywide planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation goals and
objectives established by the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for the countywide plan. Third, it
stipulates that, because of the multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitigation planning
process, that the City of Oviedo has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other jurisd ictions for
implementation and has found no reason to object to their implementation or to otherwise be concerned
regarding mitigation actions planned by the other participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Recent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on
the type, location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future
progress of implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group considers and acts on actual disaster
experience by the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lead" agency with the intention
that that organization will use the information to propose additio nal mitigation initiatives for incorporation
into the plan.
Although the City of Oviedo is susceptible to some degree to all 24hazards24 addressed in this plan, for the
purpose of developing cost-effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these seven (7) hazards
as its most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Wildfires
Proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project and a project to assess
existing County and municipal codes for recommended mitigation improvements , address all these hazards
to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives.
Currently, there are zero repetitive flood losses within the jurisdiction, as defined by the National Flood
Insurance Program.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Oviedo has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida B uilding
Code.
An additional five policies were identified addressing areas of urban and wildfire risk, land use code, Florida
building code, ordinances prohibiting hazardous materials pollution of water systems, and discharge of
firearms. Efforts will be continued and expanded to identify any policies or plans that relate to the other
high-ranking hazards and document them.
In the City of Oviedo, no new construction is permitted in the floodway. Construction in the floodplain also
140
mandates that no new construction or substantial improvements, damage improvements take place unless
the lowest floor is elevated to no lower than two foot above the base flood elevation (BFE).
Per City of Oviedo’s latest Flood Ordinance, for applications for building permits to improve buildings and
structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of occupancy,
additions, rehabilitations, renovations, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage, and any
other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the floodplain administrator, in coordination
with the building official, shall:
(1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared
by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of construction of the
proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the market value
before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -damaged
condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value of the
building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage; the determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued for improvements
and repairs as specified in the definition of "substantial improvement"; for proposed work to repair damage
caused by flooding, the determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued to repair flood -related
damage as specified in the definition of "substantial damage"; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage and that compliance with the flood resistant construct ion requirements of the Florida
Building Code and this chapter is required.
The City of Oviedo is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The City of Oviedo
Public Works Department is designated to implement the addressed commitments and requirements to the
NFIP.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program with over 743 flood insurance policies in force totaling over $218
million dollars. Oviedo will continue to evaluate the need to lower insurance premiums for its residents by
investigating mitigation measures and programs and their benefits to the community.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program and the Community Ra ting System, with a current rating of 6.
Determination of a particular property's coverage need is based on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate
Map (FIRM). This served to set specific flood elevations for certain areas within the city. This provides a higher
level of accuracy when determining applicability to a specific property area. The FIRM is to be used as a
reference only, individual lot determinations should be made only with the assistance of a registered land
surveyor. In 2024 the city conducted a study to support a citywide Letter of Map Revision (LOMR); this
identified most developable areas published on the FIRM as a Zone A (without an established base flood
elevation). The LOMR was approved by FEMA changing those Zone A areas to Zone AE (with a base flood
elevation).
Status of Previous Initiatives
The implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's
planning process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy. The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation
initiatives is their effectiveness in saving lives, avoiding property damage, and protecting valuable or
irreplaceable resources in the community. As the mitigation initiatives that have been incorporated into t he
Seminole County’s Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , there will be mo re opportunities to measure the
"success" of the Resiliency Working Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighborhoods
of Seminole County can become more and more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
141
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the
proposed mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for
implementation during the next planning pe riod. This assessment will provide guidance to the individual
jurisdictions and organizations proposing the initiatives to encourage them to focus on those designated as
priority. However, because each participating jurisdiction or organization has indepen dent authority and
responsibility for implementation of their proposed mitigation initiatives under the mitigation planning
approach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative
to act in their own intere sts, using their own priorities for mitigation initiative implementation.
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be
considered a suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the reso urces for
implementation. These resources may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or
organization, to seeking state or federal financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative.
(The designation "priority for implementation" means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that
sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their implementation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information o n its extensive website, http://www.cityofoviedo.net
The Development Services Department is responsible for Planning & Zoning, Development Review
Coordination, Code Compliance, and Economic Development, all of which have implications for mitigation.
The Comprehensive Plan is available online, as are zoning, building and fire safety information, the latter of
which is an identified hazard. In addition, the city has several written materials available for citizens regarding
preparedness/mitigation, available at city hall. The Engineering Department has flood information available,
with a public interactive map showing available materials for those properties in a special flood hazard area,
The Police Department offers a number of programs to combat crime, whic h is an identified hazard, including
a House Watch program.
As with other planning efforts, the city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process
to the community and to solicit their input and involvement in the planning process, as well as to provide
mitigation awareness and educational information. This may be done through the mechanism of a public
meeting or hearing, or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of
hazards on the city website.
Oviedo will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to the community
in conjunction with area busin esses and other private or non-profit entities, particularly during the hurricane
season.
Summary
The City of Oviedo has been an active participant in the planning process, conducting additional assessments,
implementing many initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to facilities and
neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recogn izes that it will take a long period of time and
implementation of many if not all of the proposed initiatives approved for this plan, to make Seminole County
a truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfar e of the
community shown by the participants from the City of Oviedo in this planning process will make this
ambitious goal possible.
142
City of Sanford
Introduction
This section discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy in the City of Sanford, and the next steps that may be
undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential effects
of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction-specific information
developed to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction participating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion. If
the governing body acts in a positive manner, this is basically an approval or endorsement of the proposed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, represents both consent and commitment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Seminole County be made a more disaster-resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Sanford is an active participant in the coordinated Local Mitigation
and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore elig ible for some types of st ate or federal
funding not available to non -participants.
143
This action by the City of Sanford Council documents approval and endorsement of three fundamental
aspects of the Seminole County Local Mitigation Plan. First, the City Council has approved its own,
jurisdiction-specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city agencies
and organizations to implement the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the aspects of the
countywide planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation goals and
objectives established by the Semin ole County Resiliency Working Group for the countywide plan. Third, it
stipulates that, because of the multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitigation planning
process, that the City of Sanford has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other jurisdictions for
implementation and has found no reason to object to their implementation or to otherwise be concerned
regarding mitigation actions planned by the other participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Re cent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on
the type, location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future
progress of implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group considers and acts on actual disaster
experience by the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lead" agency with the intention
that that organization will use the information to propose additional mitigation ini tiatives for incorporation
into the plan.
Although the City of Sanford is susceptible to some degree to all 24 hazards addressed in this plan, for the
purpose of developing cost -effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these six (6) hazards
as its most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Newly proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project and a project to assess
existing County and municipal codes for recommended mitigation improvements , address all of these
hazards to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives.
Currently, there are nine repetitive flood loss properties within the jurisdiction, as defined pursuant to the
National Flood Insurance Program.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Sanford has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida B uilding
Code.
An additional fourteen policies were identified addressing areas of controlling hazardous materials, flood
control, wellfield protection, erosion control, lake shore protection and manufactured home construction.
Efforts will be continued and expanded to iden tify any policies or plans that relate to the other high -ranking
hazards and document them.
Sanford uses the current Florida Building Code, with some modifications and higher standards. One of the
144
higher standards dictates that the lowest floor level of a ny new structure, substantial improvement, or
substantial damage, including the basement, shall be a minimum of 2-feet above the base flood elevation.
The City of Sanford is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
re gulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The City of Sanford
is designated to implement the addressed commitments and requirements to the NFIP.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program with over 570 flood insurance policies in force totaling over $149
million dollars. Sanford will continue to evaluate the need to lower insurance premiums for its residents by
investigating mitigation measures and programs and their benefits to the community.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program and the Community Rating System, with a current rating of 7.
Determination of a particular property's coverage need is based on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate
Map (FIRM). This served to set specific flood elevations for certain areas within the city. This provides a higher
level of accuracy when determining applicability to a specific property area. The FIRM is to be used as a
reference only - individual lot determinations should be made only with the assistance of a regi stered land
surveyor.
The City of Sanford actively enforces flood hazard mitigation policies through its Land Development
Regulations (LDRs) and adherence to the Florida Building Code. Key provisions include managing
development within Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) as designated on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs)
and implementing substantial improvement and substantial damage regulations after significant events.
Additionally, the City has adopted more stringent floodplain management regulations to exceed minimum
federal standards, further protecting residents and infrastructure.
1. As the local authority for floodplain management, the City of Sanford Public Works and Utilities
Department regulates and permits development in SFHAs to comply with the Nat ional Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP). Sanford is also an active participant in FEMA's Community Rating System
(CRS) program, which recognizes and incentivizes communities that implement effective floodplain
management practices. Through its participation in CRS, the City strives to lower floo d insurance
premiums for its residents while enhancing resilience to flood hazards.
2. Sanford is proud to maintain numerous flood insurance policies to safeguard its residents and
businesses. The City remains committed to exploring additional mitigation meas ures and programs
to further reduce flood risks and promote sustainable, safe development.
Per the City of Sanford’s latest Floodplain Ordinance, f or applications for building permits to improve
buildings and structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of
occupancy, additions, rehabilitations, renovations, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage,
and any other improvement of or work on such buildings and structures, the floodplain adminis trator, in
coordination with the building official, shall:
(1) Estimate the market value, or require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared
by a qualified independent appraiser, of the building or structure before the start of const ruction of the
proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of the building or structure shall be the market
value before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damag ed building to its pre -damaged
condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value of the
building or structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage; provided, however, that, for proposed work to repair damage caused by flooding,
the determination requires evaluation of previous permits issued to repair flood -related damage as
145
specified in the definition of substantial damage; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage and that compliance with the flood -resistant construction requirements of the
Florida Building Code and this chapter is required.
Status of Previous Initiatives
The implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's
planning process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local
Mitigation and Re siliency Strategy. The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation
initiatives is their effectiveness in saving lives, avoiding property damage and protecting valuable or
irreplaceable resources in the community. As the mitigation initiatives that have been incorporated into t he
Seminole County’s Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy , there will be more opportunities to measure the
"success" of the Resiliency Working Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighborhoods
of Seminole County can become more and more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the
proposed mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for
implementation during the next planning period. This assessment will provide guidance to the individual
jurisdictions and organizations prop osing the initiatives to encourage them to focus on those designated as
priority. However, because each participating jurisdiction or organization has independent authority and
responsibility for implementation of their proposed mitigation initiatives unde r the mitigation planning
approach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative
to act in their own interests, using their own priorities for mitigation initiative implementation.
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be
considered a suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the resources for
implementation. These resources may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or
organization, to seeking state or federal financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative.
(The designation "priority for implementation" means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that
sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their implementation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information on its extensive website, http://www.sanfordfl.gov.
The Development Services Department is responsible for Planning & Zoning, Development Review
Coordination, Code Compliance, and Building Permitting, all of which have implications for mitigation. The
Comprehensive Plan is available online, as are zoning, building and fire safety information, the latte r of which
is an identified hazard. In addition, the city has a number of written materials available for citizens regarding
preparedness/mitigation, available at city hall. The Building Division has flood information available, and the
Police Department offers a number of programs to combat crime, which is an identified hazard, including a
Neighborhood Watch effort. A Flood Information page is displayed on the Planning and Development
Services page with NFIP information.
As with other planning efforts, th e city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process
to the community and to solicit their input and involvement in the planning process, as well as to provide
mitigation awareness and educational information. This may be done throug h the mechanism of a public
meeting or hearing, or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of
hazards on the city website.
146
Sanford will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to t he community
in conjunction with area businesses and oth er private or non-profit entities, particularly during the hurricane
season.
Summary
The City of Sanford has been an active participant in the planning process, conducting additional
assessments, implementing many initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to
facilities and neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that it will take a long period of time
and implementation of many if not all of the proposed initia tives approved for this plan, to make Seminole
County a truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfare
of the community shown by the participants from the City of Sanford in this planning process will make this
ambitious goal possible.
147
City of Winter Springs
Introduction
This section discusses the current status of development and implementation of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation and resiliency Strategy in the City of Winter Springs, and the next steps that
may be undertaken to continue the process of making the community less vulnerabl e to the potential
effects of natural, technol ogical and societal disasters or events. There are several aspects of plan
implementation that need to be addressed:
• The status of promulgation or formal adoption of the plan by the participating jurisdiction
• Disaster events that may have affected the community and identified a vulnerable facility,
system, or neighborhood
• Continuing examination of facilities and neighborhoods' vulnerability to disasters, including
terrorism
• Review of existing policie s , plans or programs to see if there are opportunities to make
changes or enhancements that might further the efforts to mitigate potential disasters
• Previously proposed mitigation initiatives that have been implemente d , completed, or
terminated, and their effect on the community
• Future mitigation actions , priorities for implementation of approved mitigation initiatives now
incorporated into the plan, and active pursuit of funding opportunities
• Activities of the jurisdiction to engage the private sector and the community at large in the
mitigation planning process
Status of Plan Promulgation and Approval
Promulgation and approval of the plan is a very important step in assuring its implementation. This is
an "Individual Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan" which contains all of the jurisdiction -specific information
developed to date. Included here are numerous data sources developed or coordinated through the
efforts of personnel representing the individual jurisdiction participating in the planning process.
It is the expectation of the Resiliency Working Group that the governing body of each participating
jurisdiction will review, consider and act on their Individual Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan in a timely fashion. If
the governing body acts in a positive manner, this is basically an approval or endorsement of the pro posed
mitigation initiatives contained in the corresponding section of the plan. This approval or endorsement, with
or without modification by the governing body, represents both consent and commitment by the
representatives of that organization or jurisdiction to seek the resources needed to implement the priority
initiatives contained therein . Only through actual implementation of the proposed mitigation initiatives
contained in this plan can Seminole County be made a more disaster -resistant community. Plan adoption is
also important evidence that the City of Winter Springs is an active participant in the coordinated Local
Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy effort of Seminole County, and therefore eligible for some types of state
or federal funding not available to non-participants.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy
Page 148
This action by the City of Winter Springs Council documents approval and endorsement of three fundamental
aspects of the Semin ole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy . First, the City Council has approved its own,
jurisdiction-specific component of the Seminole County plan, and instructed the participating city agencies and
organizations to implement the plan. Second, it documents the city's endorsement of the aspects of t he countywide
planning process that pertain to all participants, such as approving the mitigation goals and objectives established
by the Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for the countywide plan. Third, it stipulates that, because of the
multi-jurisdictional character of the Seminole County mitigation planning process, that the City of Winter Springs
has reviewed the mitigation initiatives proposed by other jurisd ictions for implementation and has found no reason
to object to their implementation or to otherwise be concerned regarding mitigation actions planned by the other
participating jurisdictions.
Hazard Events and Hazard Identification
Recent disaster events can be very helpful in highlighting the mitigation needs of the community based on the type,
location or magnitude of the impacts experienced. In turn, this can be a major factor in the future progress of
implementation of the plan, as the Resiliency Working Group considers and acts on actual disaster experience by
the community. Such recommendations can be referred to a "lead" agency with the intention that that organization
will use the information to propose additional mitigation initiatives for incorporation into the plan.
Although the City of Winter Springs is susceptible to some degree to all 24 hazards addressed in this plan, for the
purpose of developing cost-effective and acceptable mitigation initiatives it considers these s ix (6) hazards as its
most vulnerable:
Cyber Security
Disease/Pandemic Outbreak
Drought/Water Shortage
Floods
Tornadoes
Tropical Cyclones
Newly proposed initiatives, including a disaster preparedness public education project, address all of these hazards
to some degree with the implementation of one or more initiatives. Other proposed initiatives include new flood
control system, which addresses flooding, and a weather notification system, which addresses tornadoes and
tropical cyclones.
Currently, there are three repetitive flood loss properties within the jurisdiction, as defined pursuant to the National
Flood Insurance Program.
Mitigation Policies and Plans
The City of Winter Springs has adopted a Land Use/Zoning Code, Fire or Life Safety Code, and the Florida B uilding
Code.
An additional fifteen policies were identified addressing areas of flooding, ordinance on signage, open burning,
criminal activity, and future construction. Eff orts will be continued and expanded to identify any policies or plans
that relate to the other high -ranking hazards and document them.
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy
Page 149
The City of Winter Springs Public Works and Utilities Department requires all new construction or substantial
improvement, and damage repair must fall into the standards of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The
lowest floor of a structure must be eighteen inches above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) established in the 100 -
year plain. The Florida Building Code mandates the BFE plus one -foot free board requirement.
The City of Winter Springs is the agency with authority to implement and enforce local floodplain management
regulations to regulate and permit development of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The C ity of Winter Springs
is designated to implement the addressed commitments and requirements to the NFIP.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program with over 670 flood insurance policies in force totaling over $195 million
dollars. Winter Springs will continue to evaluate the need to lower insurance premiums for its residents by
investigating mitigation measures and programs and their benefits to the community.
The city is a participant in the NFIP Program and the Community Rating Sy stem, with a curre nt rating of 6.
Determination of a particular property's coverage need is based on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate Map
(FIRM). This served to set specific flood elevations for certain areas within the city. This provides a higher level of
accuracy whe n determining applicability to a specific property area. The FIRM is to be used as a reference only -
individual lot determinations should be made only with the assistance of a registered land surveyor.
Per the City of Winter Spring’s Floodplain Ordinance , for applications for building permits to improve buildings and
structures, including alterations, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, change of occupancy, additions,
rehabilitations, renovations, substantial improvements, repairs of substantial damage, and any other improvement
of or work on such buildings and structures, the floodplain administrator, in coordination with the building official,
shall:
(1) Require the applicant to obtain an appraisal of the market value prepared by a q ualified independent appraiser
or present evidence of the market value by another acceptable method as defined in this chapter, of the building
or structure before the start of construction of the proposed work; in the case of repair, the market value of t he
building or structure shall be the market value before the damage occurred and before any repairs are made;
(2) Compare the cost to perform the improvement, the cost to repair a damaged building to its pre -damaged
condition, or the combined costs of improvements and repairs, if applicable, to the market value of the building or
structure;
(3) Determine and document whether the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage; and
(4) Notify the applicant if it is determined that the work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of
substantial damage and that compliance with the flood resistant construction requirements of the Florida Building
Code and this chapter is required.
Status of Prev ious Initiatives
Th e implementation of the mitigation initiatives proposed as a result of the Resiliency Working Group's planning
process is an important measure of the progress in implementation of the Seminole County Local Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy. The true measure of progress in the implementation of mitigation initiatives is their
effectiveness in saving lives, avoiding property damage and protecting valuable or irreplaceable resources in the
community. As the mitigation initiatives that have been incorporated i nto the Seminole County’s Local Mitigation
and Resiliency Strategy, there will be more opportunities to measure the "success" of the Resiliency Working
Group's mitigation efforts, and the facilities, systems and neighborhoods of Seminole County can become more and
Seminole County Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy
Page 150
more resistant to the impacts of future disasters.
Future Mitigation Actions
As a part of its future planning process, the Resiliency Working Group also will periodically review the proposed
mitigation initiatives approved for incorporation into the plan to determine their priority for implementation during
the next planning period. This assessment will provide guidance to the individual jurisdictions and organizations
proposing the initiatives to encourage them to focus on those designated as priority. However, because each
participating jurisdiction or organization has independent authority and responsibility for implementation of their
proposed mitigation initiatives under the mitigation planning appro ach used by the Resiliency Working Group, the
jurisdictions and organizations retain the prerogative to act in their own interests, using their own priorities for
mitigation initiative implementation.
In many ways, the priority for implementation assigned to proposed mitigation initiatives could be considered a
suggestion or recommendation to the proposal sponsors to seek the resources for implementation. These resources
may range from the normal budgeting process for the jurisdiction or organization, to se eking state or federal
financial or technical support for implementation of the initiative. (The designation "priority for implementation"
means that the Resiliency Working Group recommends that sponsors of those initiatives so classified focus on their
im ple mentation as soon as feasible.)
Public Information and Participation
The city provides a mechanism for public Information on its extensive website, http://www.winterspringsfl.org/.
The Community Development Department is responsible for Planning & Zonin g, Development Review Coordination,
and Code Compliance , all of which have implications for mitigation. The C omprehensive Plan is available online, as
are zoning, building and fire safety information, the latter of which is an identified hazard. In additio n, the city has
a number of written materials available for citizens regarding preparedness/mitigation, available at city hall. The
Community Development Department has flood information available, and the Police Department offers a number
of programs to combat crime, which is an identified hazard, including a House Check program.
As with other planning efforts, the city will take the opportunity to explain the mitigation planning process to the
community and to solicit their input and involvement in the p lanning process, as well as to provide mitigation
awareness and educational information. This may be done through the mechanism of a public meeting or hearing,
or through media releases, as well as inclusion of information about other types of hazards on t he city website.
Winter Springs will continue to provide information to the public and provide outreach activities to the community
in conjunction with area busin esses and other private or non-profit entities, particularly during the hurricane season.
Summary
The City of Winter Springs has been an active participant in the planning process, conducting additional
assessments, implementing many initiatives, and proposing further actions to mitigate known hazards to facilities
and neighborhoods. The Resiliency Working Group recognizes that it will take a long period of time and
implementation of many if not all of the proposed initiatives approved for this plan, to make Seminole County a
truly disaster-resistant community. However, the continuing dedication to the safety and welfare of the community
shown by the participants from the City of Winter Springs in this planning process will make this ambitious goal
possible.
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Appendix B: Project Priority List
Mitigation Project Scoring Sheet (2023)
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group
*This ranking form is independent from the Cost-Benefit Analysis Form
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project Name:
Jurisdiction/Applicant:
Today’s Date:
# CATEGORIES MAXIMUM
POINTS
AWARDED POINTS
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
1 Consistent with Existing Legislation and/or Policies 5
2 Consistency with Existing Plans and Priorities 5
3 Consistency with planned and complimentary
projects within the area
5
4 Consistency with Local Mitigation Strategy Goals 10
TOTAL POINTS 25
SOCIAL/GEOGRAPHIC IMPACT
5 Population directly benefitted 10
6 Approx. % Within a Low -to-Moderate Income (LMI)
Area
10
7 Public Support 10
8 Environmental Impact 5
9 Timeframe for Accomplishing Objectives 5
TOTAL POINTS 40
MITIGATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS
10 Protection of Critical Facilitie s/ Essential Services 10
11 Minimizes Damage to Residential Structures 5
12 Mitigates Repetitive Damages/Losses 10
13 Protects Cultural or Historic value 5
14 Mitigates Stormwater System Flooding 5
15 Provides Flood Mitigation to arterial or connector
roadways
5
16 Lifespan of mitigation measure and consideration
of future risk
5
17 Project positively impacts Community Rating
System and/ or ISO Rating
5
TOTAL POINTS 50
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FINANCIAL VIABILITY
18 Financing Availability (to Complete) 5
19 Average Annual Maintenance/ Sustainment Costs 5
20 Leveraging Regional Partnerships 10
21 Project’s Potential to Improve the Economic
Resilience of the Community
5
TOTAL POINTS 25
TABULATION OF POINTS AWARDED (for online submittal)
CATEGORIES POINTS AVALABLE POINTS AWARDED
Project Implementation 25
Social/Geographic Impact 40
Mitigation of Potential Impacts 50
Financial Viability 25
TOTAL POINTS 140
LEGEND
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: Maximum of 25 points
1. Consistent with Existing Legislation and/or Policies – [max: 5 pts]
o If “no” award 0 pts ; if “yes” then award 5 pts. If project or initiative is consistent with
recommended changes proposed but not yet adopted to the Comprehensive Growth
Management Plan, award 5 pts.
Law/ Ordinance Number____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Consistency with Existing Plans and Priorities – [max: 5 pts]
o Not in any other documents or is in conflict – 0 pts. May have inconsistencies; Needs study – 1 pt.
Is in at least 1 document and not inconsistent – 2 pts. Is in at least 2 documents or consistent – 3
pts. In at least 3 documents or highly consistent – 5 pts.
(Example: Local Mitigation Strategy, Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Plan(s)__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Consistency with planned or on-going projects within the area – [max: 5 pts]
o Not consistent with projects – 0 points. Consistent with projects – 5 points.
4. Consistency with Local Mitigation Strategy Goals*(At the time of project scoring) – [max: 10 pts]
a. Meets no goals - 0 points. Meets 1 goal - 2 points. Meet 2 goals - 4 points. Meets 3 goals – 6
points. Meets 4 goals - 8 points. Meet 5 or more goals - 10 points.
SOCIAL/GEOGRAPHIC IMPACT: Maximum of 40 points
5. Population directly benefitted – [max: 10 pts]
o Less than 10,000 people – 2 points. Less than 50,000 – 4 points. Less than 100,000 people – 6
points. Less than 500,000 people – 8 points. Above 500,000 – 10 points.
6. Approx. % Within a Low-to-Moderate Income (LMI) Area – [max: 10 pts]
o 0-49% - 0 points. 50-99% - 5 points. 100% - 10 points.
7. Public Support – [max: 10 pts]
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o Publicly approved at an advertised elected leaders board/ commission meeting – 5 points, Written
e vidence of public support from other entity - 5 points
8. Environmental Impact – [max: 5 pts]
o Adverse effect – 0 points. No effect – 3 pts. Positive effect – 5 points.
9. Timeframe for Accomplishing Objectives (From Grant Execution Date) – [max: 5 pts]
o 5+ years - 0 points. 4 years – 1 point. 3 years - 3 points. 2 years - 4 points, 1 year or less - 5 points.
MITIGATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS: Maximum of 50 points
10. Protection of Critical Facilities/ Essential Services – [max: 10 pts]
o Does not protect either – 0 points. Protects critical infrastructure – 10 points.
11. Minimizes Damage to Residential Structures – [max: 5 pts]
o Does not minimize damage to residential struct ures – 0 points. Mitigates an occupied residential
structure – 5 points.
12. Mitigates Repetitive Damages/Losses (NOT the same as CRS’ Repetitive Loss Structures) – [max: 10 pts]
o Repetitive loss – 5 points. Severe repetitive loss* – 10 points.
13. Protects Cultural or Historic value – [max: 5 pts]
o Does not protect any – 0 points. Protects 1 or more – 5 points.
14. Mitigates Stormwater System Flooding – [max: 5 pts]
o Does not minimize stormwater flooding – 0 points. Mitigates stormwater system flooding – 5
points.
15. Provides Flood Mitigation to arterial or connector roadways – [max: 5 pts]
o Provides to 0 identified roadways – 0 points. Provides mitigation to 1 or more identified roadways
– 5 points.
16. Lifespan of mitigation measure and consideration of future risk – [max: 5 pts]
o 0 points – less than 20 years. 3 points – 20-39 years. 5 points – expected to mitigate hazard for
40+ years.
17. Project positively impacts Community Rating System and/ or ISO rating – [max: 5 pts]
o No impact – 0 points. Positively impacts points – 5 points. (Example: Acquisition/Demolition
expands floodplain.)
FINANCIAL VIABILITY: Maximum of 25 points
18. Financing Availability (to Complete) – [max: 5 pts]
o No funding or matching funds secured – 0 points. Matching funds available – 5 points.
19. Average Annual Maintenance/ Sustainment Costs – [max: 5 pts]
o $10,000+ – 0 points. $5,000-$9,999 – 3 points. $0-$4,999 – 5 points.
20. Leveraging Regional Partnerships – [max: 10 pts]
o 0 community partnerships – 0 points. 2 – 4 jurisdictions – 5 points. 5 or more jurisd ictions – 10
points.
21. Project’s Potential to Improve the Economic Resilience of the Community – [max: 5 pts]
o Award 5 pts for those measures providing increased economic resilience
*Reference Sheet: Local Mitigation Strategy Goals
Goal 1 – Local government shall make every reasonable effort to identify, develop, implement, and reduce hazard
vulnerability through effective mitigation programs.
Goal 2 – All sectors of the community will work together to create a disaster resilient community.
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Goal 3 – Reduce the vulnerability of critical infrastructures and public facilities from the effects of all hazards.
Goal 4 – Develop policies and regulation to support effective hazard mitigation programming throughout the
community.
Goal 5 - Encourage economic vitality of the community by promoting business continuity education, disaster
planning, and supporting the socially vulnerable.
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Appendix C: Goals & Objectives Tracking Sheet
Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy - Goals & Objectives
Statuses: Not Started / In Progress / Completed
Goal 1: Local government shall make every reasonable effort to identify, develop,
implement, and reduce hazard vulnerability through effective mitigation programs.
1.1 The Seminole County Resiliency Working Group will develop a mechanism for local jurisdictions,
community partners, and residents to report hazard and risk data by the end of FY 2025.
Status
Notes
1.2
Annually use historic and scientific data to identify hazards, risk areas and vulnerabilities in the
community and evaluate the need for updates to the hazard profiles of the Local Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy and/ or annexes of the LMRS.
Status
Notes
1.3
Measure the effectiveness of completed mitigation projects through the review of after action/
improvement items and public comments gathered during and after a disaster and provide to the Florida
Division of Emergency Management and Seminole County Resiliency Working Group.
Status
Notes
1.4 Seminole County Resiliency Working Group shall annually review to the Seminole County Mitigation and
Resiliency Strategy Goals and Objectives. A status report will be produced annually.
Status
Notes
Goal 2: All sectors of the community will work together to create a disaster resilient
community.
2.1 Local jurisdictions will review existing interagency agreements on an annual basis for updates or
necessary changes.
Status
Notes
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2.2 Quarterly invite public and private sector organizations to Seminole County Resiliency Working Group
meetings to promote hazard mitigation programming throughout the community.
Status
Notes
2.3 Encourage all participating agencies to conduct outreach programs including mitigation at least once
annually with businesses, institutions, and community groups.
Status
Notes
2.4
Encourage local elected governing bodies to adopt the Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy and
support community mitigation programming through annual communication with city and county
management and elected officials.
Status
Notes
2.5 Encourage participation of each jurisdiction in training and exercise through an annual review of training
and exercise documentation.
Status
Notes
2.6 Distribute any relevant open statewide or national mitigation planning efforts or policy changes to the
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group for comment or review.
Status
Notes
Goal 3: Reduce the vulnerability of critical infrastructures and public facilities from
the effects of all hazards.
3.1 Annually identify possible critical infrastructure or facilities which could be retrofitted or relocated using
mitigation funding.
Status
Notes
3.2 Evaluate utility, telecommunications, and information technology systems with external agency partners
to determine potential mitigation opportunities.
Status
Notes
3.3
Annually assess transportation and access routes, systems, and infrastructure to identify potential
relocation, retrofit or modification opportunities to ensure safe passage before, during and after disaster
events.
Status
Notes
3.4 Annually assess opportunity for shelter retrofit funding for current or future evacuation shelters and
apply for funding as applicable.
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Status
Notes
3.5 Participate in the annual assessment of health and safety needs in the community and propose
mitigation or other initiatives based on assessment findings.
Status
Notes
3.6 Annually invite private sector organizations who own or operate key community resources to the
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group meetings to encourage hazard mitigation programs.
Status
Notes
3.7 Assess and implement physical and cyber protective measures on critical infrastructure and identify
opportunities for relocation or retrofit to withstand the impacts of disasters.
Status
Notes
Goal 4: Develop policies and regulation to support effective hazard mitigation
programming throughout the community.
4.1
Review, develop and enforce policies, plans and regulations to discourage or prohibit inappropriate
location of structures or infrastructure components in the special flood hazard area or wildland urban
interface.
Status
Notes
4.2 Address current building, fire, and land development regulations to ensure consideration of identified
hazards in the LMRS.
Status
Notes
4.3
Encourage all jurisdictions to participate in the Building Code Effectiveness Rating Schedule, Fire
Suppression Rating Schedule, National Flood Insurance Program, and the associated Community Rating
System.
Status
Notes
4.4 Conduct an assessment of potential mitigation or improvement measures during post -disaster
reconstruction to reduce the vulnerability to all hazards.
Status
Notes
4.5 Encourage participating agencies to conduct outreach to include encouraging the development and
enforcement of energy conservation, green development, and resource sustainability best practices.
Status
Notes
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4.6 Local Mitigation and Resiliency Strategy goals and objectives should be added to Comprehensive Plans of
all participating jurisdictions within two years of plan adoption.
Status
Notes
4.7
Participating agencies will annually assess and identify gaps in resources associated with each hazard
identified in the LMRS. Identified critical resource deficiencies shall be documented and presented to the
Seminole County Resiliency Working Group and considered for future mitigation projects.
Status
Notes
Goal 5: Encourage economic vitality of the community by promoting business
continuity education, disaster planning, and supporting the socially vulnerable.
5.1 Review needs of key employers in the community and establish programs, facilities, or resources to
support business resumption activities.
Status
Notes
5.2 Identify socially vulnerable communities and foster community participation in resiliency planning and
projects.
Status
Notes
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